ARTHIST 101D Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Clerestory, Craniosynostosis, Nineteenth Dynasty Of Egypt
10 May 2018
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Lecture 5 From Egypt to Mesopotamia
Connection between Egypt and the Mesopotamian areas trade
Egypt exported certain kinds of wood (pine, papyrus), metals (gold), stone (limestone, sandstone,
diorite, alabaster), crops (grains, cotton, linen), slaves
Coming from the east to Egypt: lapis, perfumes & spices, cedar (to make boats), silk, slaves
Invention of sail revolutionized sea travel made transport of goods easier
Use of donkey; donkey was easy to take care of and could go days without water
Different types of relief sculpture
Carved into stone reverse relief
Carved as a projection outward
Sculpture in the round
Akhenaton Statue from Amarna
1355-1335, Dynasty 18
Peculiar bodily and facial features
Pharaohs normally married sisters reinforced diseases in the gene pool
Reverse relief of Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and daughters
1355-1335, Dynasty 18
Extended skulls, disproportionate bodily features
Suggested diseases of aromatase excess syndrome (imbalance in levels of androgen and estrogen
that lead to feminization of men) and craniosynostosis (extended skull)
Akhenaton changed his name to that to worship the sun disk god (Aten)
o Akhenaton was monotheistic
o Worship of truth and truthfulness truthful representation of Akhenaton and his
imperfections
Akhenaton worshiping the sun disk, Aten
Sun rays are arms coming down
When the abandoned city of Amarna was excavated, they found a library, a sculptor’s workshop,
huge collection of clay tablets
Cuneiform writing on tablets correspondence for business documents (for trade)
Bust of Nefertiti (1353-1335)
Painted limestone, bust (head + shoulders)
Everything is finished except for one eye (missing an inlay)
In the Museum of Berlin currently
Was hypothesized to be a model for other sculptures; would be found in the workshops as a sort
of reference
(er name means the beautiful one has come
Unfinished statues from Amarna
Suggests from the unfinished nature of the art maybe Akhenaton’s reign came to an end abruptly
Discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamen (1922)
Found in the valley of the Kings
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Document Summary
Connection between egypt and the mesopotamian areas trade. Egypt exported certain kinds of wood (pine, papyrus), metals (gold), stone (limestone, sandstone, diorite, alabaster), crops (grains, cotton, linen), slaves. Coming from the east to egypt: lapis, perfumes & spices, cedar (to make boats), silk, slaves. Use of donkey; donkey was easy to take care of and could go days without water. Invention of sail revolutionized sea travel made transport of goods easier. Pharaohs normally married sisters reinforced diseases in the gene pool. Suggested diseases of aromatase excess syndrome (imbalance in levels of androgen and estrogen that lead to feminization of men) and craniosynostosis (extended skull) Akhenaton changed his name to that to worship the sun disk god (aten: akhenaton was monotheistic, worship of truth and truthfulness truthful representation of akhenaton and his imperfections. When the abandoned city of amarna was excavated, they found a library, a sculptor"s workshop,
