BIOL 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Interphase, Cytosine, Guanine
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29 Jul 2020
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The chemical name of the molecule that carries the genetic instructions. It consists of 2 strands that wrap around each other to form a double helix. Attached to each sugar are 1 of 4 bases: adenine (a), cytosine (c), guanine (g), and thymine (t). The 2 strands are held together by links between the bases with a certain correspondence. A molecule made up of a variable length polyribonucleotide that contains uracil instead of thymine. There are 3 types: messenger rna (mrna), ribosomal rna (rrna) and transfer rna (trna) Each of the versions of a polymorphism or gene. An individual typically inherits 2 alleles for each polymorphism, 1 from each parent. If the 2 alleles are the same, the individual is homozygous for this polymorphism. Material formed by nucleic acids and proteins that is observed in the nucleus of the interphase cell. Organized bundle of dna found in the nucleus of the cell. Each organism has a different number of chromosomes.
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QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:
A. contain DNA organized by histones. |
B. contain usually one, circular chromosome. |
C. contain plasmid DNA. |
D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus. |
QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:
A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine. |
B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine. |
C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine. |
D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil. |
QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:
A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule. |
B. has a 3' to 5' directionality. |
C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose. |
D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A. |
QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.
A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine. |
B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not. |
C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate. |
D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases. |