PHIL 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Orthopraxy, Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, Philosophical Language
28 Jul 2020
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The second phase of the german enlightenment is characterized by the spread and influence of the enlightened ideas of english and french philosophers. Frederick the great (1712-1786) played a decisive role, inviting voltaire and mauper-tuis to his court in potsdam, and corresponding with the english philosophers. As a freethinker he saw his mission in the dissemination of the ideas of the enlightenment as they were conceived in england and france. This purpose was supported by some "popular philosophers" (garve riedel, ni- colai, Deism or natural religion found in her- mann samuel reimarus (1694-1768) and moses mendels-sohn (1729-1786) its main protagonists. According to reimarus, the world is the only revelation of god; therefore the possibility of miracles and positive revelations is excluded. Mendelssohn defends the ontological argument, as well as the immortality of the soul, and considers judaism as a natural religion. Lessing"s thought is the unified literary expression of the spirit of the aufkl rung (enlightenment).
