ACC E113 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Current Asset

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30 Jul 2020

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Reporting and interpreting cost of sales and inventory. Inventory: is an asset that is either (1) held for sale in the ordinary course of business or (2) used in the process of production of goods for sale or rendering of services. Inventory is reported on the statement of financial position as a current asset, because it is normally used or converted into cash within one year or within the next operating cycle of business, whichever is longer. Companies that do not manufacture the products they sell, but simply purchase. Wholesale merchandisers distribute products to retail merchandisers for those products and then sell them to customers are called merchandisers resale to customers through retail stores. Merchandisers (wholesale or retail businesses) hold the following: These are goods (or merchandise) held for resale in the ordinary course of business. The goods are usually acquired in a finished condition and are.

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Background

Zhou Bicycle Company (ZBC), located in Seattle, is a wholesale distributor of bicycles and bicycle parts. Formed in 1981 by University of Washington Professor Yong-Pin Zhou, the firmâs primary retail outlets are located within a 400-mile radius of the distribution center. These retail outlets receive the order from ZBC within 2 days after notifying the distribution center, provided that the stock is available. However, if an order is not fulfilled by the company, no backorder is placed; the retailers arrange to get their shipment from other distributors, and ZBC loses that amount of business.

The company distributes a wide variety of bicycles. The most popular model, and the major source of revenue to the company, is the AirWing. ZBC receives all the models from a single manufacturer in China, and shipment takes as long as 4 weeks from the time an order is placed. With the cost of communication, paperwork, and customs clearance included, ZBC estimates that each time an order is placed, it incurs a cost of $65. The purchase price paid by ZBC, per bicycle, is roughly 60% of the suggested retail price for all the styles available, and the inventory carrying cost is 1% per month (12% per year) of the purchase price paid by ZBC. The retail price (paid by the customers) for the AirWing is $170 per bicycle.

ZBC is interested in making an inventory plan for 2016. The firm wants to maintain a 95% service level with its customers to minimize the losses on the lost orders. The data collected for the past 2 years are summarized in the following table. A forecast for AirWing model sales in 2016 has been developed and will be used to make an inventory plan for ZBC.

Month	2014	2015	2016 Forecast
January	6	7	8
February	12	14	15
March	24	27	31
April	46	53	59
May	75	86	97
June	47	54	65
July	30	34	39
August	18	21	27
September	13	15	16
October	12	13	15
November	22	25	28
December	38	42	47
Totals	343	391	447

Bonus Question: Trace the inventory balance over the course of the year. Assume starting inventory balance of 35 bicycles. Also assume that retail orders are called into ZBC the first business day of every month and the first order to ZBC suppliers is on Jan 4, 2016.
Hint: Take into consideration orders to suppliers and supplier lead time, orders from retailers and lead time in shipments to retailers, as well as the estimated time between orders to suppliers. Consider creating a table such as:

What conclusions or recommendations do you draw from tracing the inventory in step 5?

Date		Description	Order Amount	Inventory In	Inventory Out	Inventory Balance
		Beginning inventory				35
1/4/2016	Monday	Retail order received	8			35
1/4/2016	Monday	Order placed to supplier	EOQ			35
####	XXXXX	Retail order sent out			8	27
####	XXXXX	Supplier order received		EOQ		###
2/1/2016	Monday	Retail order received	15			###
####	XXXXX	Retail order sent out			15	###
####	XXXXX	Order placed to supplier	EOQ			###

amaranthwater-buffalo893

12 ACCOUNTING QUESTIONS

4. Using a perpetual inventory system, the buyer'sjournal entry to record the return of merchandise purchased onaccount includes a:

Select one:

A. Credit to Cost of Goods Sold

B. Credit to Accounts Payable

C. Credit to Purchase Returns

D. Credit to Inventory

6.Using a perpetual inventory system, the buyerâsjournal entry to record the payment for merchandise within thediscount period includes a:

Select one:

A. Debit to Accounts Payable

B. Debit to Cost of Goods Sold

C. Debit to Purchases

D. Debit to Inventory

7.Which of the following statements regarding cost flows istrue?

Select one:

Cost of goods available for sale is equal to beginning inventoryminus cost of goods purchased.

CGAS = beginning inventory minus ending inventory.

Cost of goods available for sale is equal to beginning inventoryplus cost of goods purchased.

CGAS = cost of goods sold minus cost of goods purchased.

10. Using a perpetual inventory system, the buyerâsjournal entry to record the purchase of merchandise on creditincludes a:

Select one:

A. Debit to Inventory

B. Debit to Freight In

C. Debit to Cost of Goods Sold

D. Debit to Purchases

11. Which of the following is not shown in thestatement of stockholder's equity?

Select one:

A. Unearned revenue

B. Common stock

C. Retained earnings

D. Dividends

13. Using a perpetual inventory system, the sellerâsjournal entry to record the sale of merchandise on account includesa:

Select one:

A. Debit to Accounts Receivable

B. Credit to Cost of Goods Sold

C. Credit to Purchases

D. Debit to Inventory

14. A merchandising company's multi-step income statementdiffers from that of a service company in what way?

Select one:

A service company does not include a line for cost of goodssold.

A service company has a line for selling expenses whereas amerchandising company does not.

There is no difference.

A merchandising company will have a line for income fromoperations whereas a service company will not.

16.Using a perpetual inventory system, the sellerâs journalentry to record the return, by the buyer, of merchandise purchasedon account includes a:

Select one:

A. Credit to Purchase Returns

B. Debit to Cost of Goods Sold

C. Debit to Accounts Receivable

D. Debit to Sales and Allowances

20. For a firm that uses the perpetual inventory system, theSales Returns and Allowances account:

Select one:

A. Is not a contra account

B. Is not used

C. Is debited by the firm receiving returned goods from acustomer

D. Has a normal credit balance

21. Current assets are cash and other assets that will beconverted into cash or used up within:

Select one:

A. One year

B. The normal operating cycle of the business

C. The normal operating cycle of the business or one year,whichever is longer

D. The normal operating cycle of the business or one year,whichever is shorter

22. The balance sheet format that reports assets first and then,beneath the assets, reports the liabilities and stockholders'equity is called the:

Select one:

A. Account form

B. Report form

C. Stack form

D. Classified form

23. Safari Monkey Company sold $2,400,000 worth of merchandise,had $200,000 returned, and then the balance was received during the2% discount period.

What were the companyâs net sales?

Select one:

A. $1,800,000

B. $1,760,000

C. $2,156,000

D. $2,040,000

turquoisesea-lion93

Multiple Choice:

_____For purposes of calculating depreciation on the taxpayersbusiness usage of his home, the depreciable basis of the officeis:

The allocable share (example - square footage) of the adjustedbasis of the home when he converted the room from personal space toan office for business use.

The allocable share of the fair market value of the home at thetime he converted the room to an office space for business.

The lesser of a. or b.

The greater of a. or b.

____ Which of the following is not included inthe taxpayerâs basis of business property?

Sales taxes paid with the purchase

Title insurance paid with the purchase

Amounts paid to have the property installed

Amounts paid to have the property delivered

All of the above are included in the taxpayerâs basis.

____ A taxpayer has a net short term capital lossof $2,000 and a net long term capital loss of $3,000 for the taxyear. If there are no other gains or losses, what, if anything,carries over to the next year?

$2,000 short term capital loss

$2,000 long term capital loss

$2,000 short term capital loss; $3,000 long term capitalloss

$500 short term capital loss; $1,500 long term capital loss

The taxpayer has no capital loss carryover.

_____ A taxpayer purchased a capital asset on March 22, 2015.What is the earliest date that he can dispose of the asset wherethe sale qualifies for long term capital gains/loss treatment?

September 22, 2015

September 23, 2015

March 22, 2016

March 23, 2016

_____ A married couple sells the following capital assets duringthe year:

Date Acquired	Date Sold	Sales Price	Adjusted Basis

The coupleâs net capital gain is:

$4,000

$12,000

$5,000

$11,000

None of the above

_____ Land purchased for $80,000 in 2000 and used in thetaxpayers business is sold in 2015 for $87,000. The sale of theland results in:

$7,000 short term capital gain

$7,000 long term capital gain

$7,000 ordinary income

$7,000 section 1231 gain

None of the above

_____ Taxpayer purchased office equipment for $9,000. Theequipment had been depreciated $5,000. It was sold for $7,500. Whatis the amount and nature of the gain/loss from the sale?

$1,500 ordinary loss

$1,500 capital loss

$3,500 ordinary income

$3,500 long term capital gain.

_____ Taxpayer has a plant where she acquired a machine for$14,000. Over time depreciation of $6,000 was claimed. In thecurrent year taxpayer sells the asset for $19,000. What is theamount and nature of the gain/loss from the sale?

$6,000 of ordinary income, $5,000 long term capital gain

$5,000 of long term capital gain, $5,000 of ordinary income

$11,000 ordinary income.

$11,000 long term capital gain

______ Equipment used in the business is purchased in 2012 for$50,000. It was sold in 2015 for $22,000.

Depreciation information is as follows:

Accelerated depreciation claimed $23,758

Straight line Depreciation would have been$21,500

What is the gain or loss on the sale of the equipment, and howwill it be treated for tax purposes?

$4,242 Section 1231 loss

$1,758 Section 1231 loss

$2,258 ordinary loss; $1,984 Section 1231 loss

$4,242 ordinary loss

$6,500 ordinary loss

_____ In Malat v Riddell, 383 U.S. 569, 86 S.Ct. 1030,which of the following statements is accurate:

The Supreme Court sustained the governmentâs position, holdingthat the property was held by the taxpayer primarily for sale tocustomers in the ordinary course of his trade or business.

The Supreme Court held that the sale of âproperty held by thetaxpayer primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course ofa trade or business is synonymous with the wordâsubstantiallyâ.

Words of the statutes should be interpreted where possible intheir ordinary, everyday senses. The Supreme Court concluded thatas used in Section 122191), âprimarilyâ means âof first importanceâor âprincipallyâ.

In so concluding as it did, the Supreme Court found itunnecessary to remand the case back to the lower court.

ACC E113 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Current Asset

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