BIO E121 Lecture 4: Bio_E_121_-_Class_4_(Spring)
Document Summary
Peptides: bonds that link amino acids to form proteins: chains of a few amino acids, many peptides (polypeptides) make a protein, all proteins have different structures. Proteins have four levels of structures that affect their function: primary: amino acids, secondary: alpha helix/beta sheet structure. Bending/coiling of chains of amino acid: tertiary: interactions between r groups, quaternary: 2+ structures binding into each other (slide 24) Denaturation: peptide bonding breaks: changes in chemical environment of a protein can harm its 3d structure. Temperature and/or ph changes are major causes. Cells would occur too slow to sustain life without enzymes: specificity: unique shape of each enzyme"s active site, only certain reactions bind with certain shapes. Nucleic acids: rna and dna: structural differences related to sugar, bases & number of strands, both polymers of smaller units called nucleotides (5 carbon sugar) Describe the characteristics of the subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) and explain the structure of an isotope.
