CJS E211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Swahili Language

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23 Nov 2020

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Children are supposed to be under the care of their biological parents. Sometimes children find themselves in the hands of other people who take care of them like their biological parents. The people who find themselves in such positions have to get an order from the court. There are a wide number of reasons why guardians are appointed, ranging from the death of a parent to the need to have the child taken care of and protected. The legal provisions regarding the appointment of guardians are found in the children"s act. Where an infant has no parent there is need for a guardian to play this role. (a) on the death of the father of an infant, the mother shall be the guardian of the infant (b) on the death of the mother of an infant, the father shall be the guardian of the infant, A mentally disordered person is also known as a person of unsound mind.

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Case Study Section 4 â Nitrogen Metabolism Based on âA Sickeningly Sweet Baby Boy: A Case Study on Autosomal Recessive Inheritanceâ by Jacqueline Washington and Anne Zayaitz (National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science) The Patient: Mathew Miller is a 7-day-old infant that is rushed to the emergency room by his parents Emma and Jacob Miller, Mennonites from Lancaster County, PA. Emmaâs pregnancy and delivery with Mathew was normal but he started having trouble nursing and now has completely stopped feeding. By the time they reach the emergency room Mathewâs limbs were rigid and he had had a seizure. The initial examination showed no infection and his x-rays were normal. The family history collected by the Doctor revealed that Emma and Jacob had had a previous son, Samuel that died at 9 days-of-age. There also is a history of unexplained childhood mortality on both sides of the family; Emmaâs mother had two sisters who died in the first year of their lives and Jacobâs father had a sister who died at 7 months of age. Emma also points out to the Doctor that Mathewâs diaper has a funny smell to it. Blood and urine samples were taken for testing and skin biopsies from Mathew, Emma, and Jacob were taken and tested for enzyme activity. The tests results showed that:

â¢ Mathewâs urine had elevated levels of the branched chain amino acids and their Î±-keto acid derivatives (which caused the sweet smell in his diapers)

â¢ Both Emma and Jacobâs skin biopsies had nearly normal levels of branched chain amino acid metabolism/enzyme activity

â¢ Mathewâs enzyme activity was less than 2% of normal

Question 1: What is the most likely diagnosis for Mathew?

A. Argininemia

B. Diabetes mellitus '

C. Maple syrup urine disease

D. Phenylketonuria

Question2: What enzyme did the skin biopsy test measure?

A. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

B. Alanine aminotransferase

C. Phenylalanine hydroxylase

D. Branched-chain Î±-keto acid dehydrogenase complex

Question 3: This enzyme functions VERY similarly to two other enzymes that we have discussed, what are they?

A. Phosphofructokinase-1 and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPAse-1)

B. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and Î±-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

C. Urease and arginase

D. Isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase

Question 4: How did Mathew (and presumably Samuel) inherit the disease if both Emma and Jacob have normal enzyme activity levels?

A. Emma and Jacob must both be carriers for the disease but their one normal gene is enough to maintain enzyme activity levels.

B. The disease can happen spontaneously, there is no genetic link.

C. Jacob is not really the father of the boys.

D. The disease can skip generations.

Question 5: What would be the best diet for Mathew to follow to control his disease?

A. Atkinâs diet (low carbohydrates, high fat, and high protein)

B. Low protein

C. Low fat

D. No special diet will control the disease

Over the next 4 years Mathewâs metabolic disease is controlled by his special diet but he still suffers approximately 3 metabolic crises a year. These occur when amino acids accumulate in his blood leading to the swelling of his brain. Even something as simple as a cold or the flu can affect his amino acid levels and send his metabolism into crisis. Jacob and Emma decide that âWe cannot continue to live in constant fear that a minor infection or a simple cold or ear infection could kill our son. Even though we are doing everything we are supposed to, he is still getting sick and we are afraid we may lose Mathew.â They learn that some children with Mathewâs disease have undergone liver transplants and are effectively cured.

Question 6: How/why would a liver transplant effectively cure Mathewâs condition?

A. A new liver would be able to spread itâs genes throughout the body and correct the genetic disorder.

B. A new liver would more effectively respond to metabolic hormonal control.

C. A new liver would express the functional enzyme needed to metabolize the amino acids causing Mathewâs condition.

D. A new liver would produce more hemoglobin to transport oxygen more effectively.

The family is directed to Dr. Morton of Childrenâs Hospital of Pittsburgh, where transplant experts agree to list Mathew for a liver transplant. Jacob and Emma learn that children who receive a liver transplant have to take strong immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of their lives. It was also clear that there was a 40% possibility that Mathew could reject the liver and need a second transplant (which also might be rejected) or he could die from surgical complications.

Question 7: Assuming the liver transplant was successful and Mathew did not reject the new liver, what type of diet would Mathew be able to/need to eat?

A. He would still need to eat his special diet but he would be at less risk of a metabolic crisis

B. He could eat a normal diet

C. He would need to change to a high protein diet like Atkinâs

D. He would be on an all liquid diet

Question 8: Emma and Jacob decide they want to try to have another child. What would be the chance that this child would also have the disorder that Mathew and Samuel have/had?

A. 0 %

B. 25%

C. 50%

D. 75%

E. 100%

Question 9: If Mathew grew up, got married, and decided to have children, what would be the chance that his children would have the disorder? A. 0%, the liver transplant would have cured him

B. 25%

C. 50%

D. 100%

E. It would depend on his wife, if she was normal than there would be a 0% chance of his children having the disorder but 100% would be carriers, if she was a carrier than there would be a 50% chance of his children having the disorder and a 50% chance that they would be a carrier.

Question 10: The disorder is found in 1 in 200,000 infants throughout the US but 1 in 200 in the Amish and Mennonites of Lancaster County, PA. Why is there such a difference in the prevalence of the disease?

A. There are environmental factors associated with being Amish or Mennonites that increase the prevalence.

B. There is a large amount of genetic similarity within these populations because they tend to marry within the population so recessive disorders such as this are more likely.

C. The gene mutation is preferentially carried in Caucasians so when you average the prevalence across all races in the US the prevalence drops.

D. It is unknown why the prevalence is so much greater in Amish and Mennonites.

Questions covering the articles "King Tut's DNA" and "The Risksand Rewards of Royal Incest."? Questions 1- 11 come from "KingTut's DNA." Questions 12-15 come from "The Risks and Rewards ofRoyal Incests."

Ive got some of the answers i just want to make sure they areright and need help with the others.

Question 1:

Tutankhamun was _____ when he ascended the throne. I answerd9

the anwers for the question to choose from were: 7, 9, 19,25

Question 2:

Tutankhamun reigned for _____ years. I put 10

the answers provided to choose from were: 10, 15, 23, 47

QUESTION 3:

Why had Dr. Hawas resisted DNA anaylsis of royal mummies priorto this study?

He was afraid of envoking a curse by disturbing the mummies

The embalming process was believed to make it impossible tocollect DNA.

The possibility of obtaining workable DNA samples withoutcontamination was just too great to justify disturbing themummies.

The mummies would have to be completely destroyed to collect theDNA.

QUESTION 4:

Why did the scientists collect the samples from deep inside thebones of the mummies?

Bones are the only tissue that remained to sample.

To avoid contamination from the priests and archeologists thathad handled the mummies, as well as the researchers themselves

QUESTION 5:

The DNA was easily extracted from the samples collected from themummies. TRUE OR FALSE

QUESTION 6:

DNA from the ______ chromosome was used to determine thatAmenhotep III, the KV55 mummy and Tutankhamun were related. Myanswer was the Y chromosome.

the answers provided to choose from were: 1, 21, X, Y

QUESTION 7:

DNA sequencing determined that ________ was Tutankhamun's fatherand __________ was his grandfather.

my answer for this is: KV55 mummy; Amenhotep III

the provided answers to choose from were: KV55 mummy; AmenhotepIII -----OR------Amenhotep III; KV55 mummy

QUESTION 8:

Through DNA analysis and a CT scan to determine tha age of theKV55 mummy, scientists determined that the identity of the mummywas __________. MY answer is: Smenkhkare

the provided answers to choose from were: Smenkhkare, Akhenaten,or Amenhotep III

QUESTION 9:

Through the DNA analysis, scientists determined thatTutankhamun's parents were ___________. I choose brother andsister

the provided answers to choose from were: first cousins, secondcousins, brother and sister,

father and daughter

QUESTION 10:

Which physical defects did Tutankhamun suffer from that wouldhave resulted from the genetic closeness of his parents? I chooseall of the above.

The provided answers to choose from were: club foot, a toe wasmissing a bone and other bones missing from his foot were distroyedby necrosis (tissue death), partial cleft palate, all of theabove.

QUESTION 11:

Incomplete evidence that Tutankhamun married his half sistercame from________.

Historical knowledge that his wife, Ahknhesenamun, was thedaughter of Akhenaten (Tut's father) and Nefertiti.
The two female fetuses found in his tomb.

Both A and B.
Neither, there is no evidence that they were related.

QUESTION 12:

While European royalty avoided sibling incest, they did marryclose cousins. TRUE OR FALSE

I choose TRUE

QUESTION 13:

Genetic overlap resulting in congenital defects is one possiblereason for the almost univerasal taboo against incest. What is thepercentage of genetic overlap between full siblings?

6.25%
12.5%

25%
50%

QUESTION 14:

Royal incest has been documented in ancient Egypt, Inca Peru,the Hawaiians and Thailand. Despite the obvious drawbacks ofcondensing genetic lines, which answer was not a reason thatroyalty ignored the taboo and practiced brother/sister andcousin/cousin pairings

Because they were royalty and they thought they were not subjectto the same biological laws as common people.

Marrying family protects assets and concentrates power.

Forges alliances between royal houses, while keeping power amongkin

Royalty had the money to pay for medical care.

QUESTION 15:

Rulers did not always mate solely with siblings. Many kings andpharaohs had children with unrelated consorts and concubinesensuring healthy offspring in case none resulted from theirmarriages
TRUE or FALSE

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CJS E211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Swahili Language

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