A S L 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Horizontal Integration, Tour Operator, E-Commerce
Document Summary
Information based on presentation provided by carl grefkens. The travel industry is the intermediary between demand and supply. There are 4 types of intermediaries: stimulators. Nto"s (national tourist office"s), regional & local tourist offices: producers. Touring clubs, banks, insurance companies: tour operators (outbound): They produce tour packages, which are either sold directly or via: (online) retail travel agencies: They are not producing, they are buying t. o. "s products with 10% commission and reselling them. They also add other services (e. g. insurance): incoming tour operator. Produce tour packages for incoming travelers (e. g. trips to museums, zoo"s etc. : destination management organisations (dmo"s): Promote a destination on a regional level and supplier of additional services (e. g. excursions, transfers) They represent the travel industry (tour operators & retail agents: business travel management companies: Provider of global corporate travel management services (i. e. organizing business travels) It is becoming more and more popular to involve leisure activities in the bussines travel.
