GEOLOGY 002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Deductive Reasoning, Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens
Document Summary
Deductive reasoning: going from the general to the specific. Involves drawing conclusions from premises that are in the form of propositions. Logical connectives means by which simple propositions can be hooked together. Modus ponens & modus tollens valid rules of inference; if the premises are true and the rules are followed, the conclusion will also be true. Fallacies invalid rules of inference; they can produce conclusions that are false even if the premises are true. Affirming the consequent: the first premise is not equivalent to the converse. If a man wears a tie, then he"s republican. John does not wear a tie, therefore, he is not a republican. is false. Syllogisms type of problems that present two or more premises and ask the reasoned to either draw a conclusion or the evaluate the conclusion presented. Categorical syllogisms deal with classes of entities. Inductive reasoning: going from the specific to the general.
