PHYSICS 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Presidential System, Rent-Seeking, Conditionality
Document Summary
Colonialism is to a greater degree the physical occupation of a foreign territory through military force, businesses, or settlers (a means to consolidate one"s empire). Identity (colonial) states: borders, legibility, language, police/military, taxation, law, roads, schools, hospitals. Creating nations and citizens: pre-colonial ethnic/class distinctions = colonial favouritism = postcolonial ethnic/class distinctions, colonial divide and rule around ethnicity and religion creates ethnic and religious tension. Neo-colonialism = postcolonial nation produces raw resources in return for finished products. Import substitution = countries restrict imports, with tar- iff or nontariff barriers to spur demand for local alternatives. New businesses to fill this demand could be built with state funds. Export-oriented industrialization = developing finished technologies and goods to sell abroad. Structural adjustment/neoliberalism (washington consensus) = reducing state intervention and opening up country to foreign investment. Often follows from a failed program of import substitution and (at least until recently) an approach advocated.
