BIOL 1201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Phenylalanine Hydroxylase, Lac Operon, Dna
Document Summary
Pku is caused by the lack of functional phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme. Phenylalanine hydroxylase is 452 amino acids long and several different mutations have been discovered. Genome organization genome: the co(cid:373)plete co(cid:373)ple(cid:373)e(cid:374)t of a(cid:374) orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)"s ge(cid:374)es, a(cid:374) orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)"s ge(cid:374)etic (cid:373)aterial. Structural genes: multiple genes attached to promoter and operator. Operon structure regulator gene, promoter site, operator, structural genes. Structural genes normally off since the repressor attached to operator region, rna polymerase cannot attach to promoter. Inducer substance inactivates the repressor, no longer binds to operator, now rna polymerase can bind to promoter and transcribe the structural genes. Many bacteria can metabolize the carbohydrate lactose by converting it into glucose and galactose. But lactose is only present rarely and you only need the enzymes if lactose is present. [clicker]: when no lactose is present the repressor is _____ to the operator and the dna _____ transcribed.
