BIOL 1209 Lecture Notes - Absorbance, Photosynthetic Pigment, Graduated Cylinder

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7 Jun 2018

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BIOL 1209

Writing Assignment 2

Cover Sheet

I certify that the writing in this assignment is my individual work and is my sole

intellectual property. It does not contain the ideas or writing of other individuals/authors.

_________________ ______________

Author Date

____________ ______________

Lab Instructor Lab Section #

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Population and Community Ecology Results Testing Different Abiotic and Biotic Factors

General Research Question on Chlamydomonas:

Chlamydomonas is a unicellular green algae (Chlorophyta). These green algae live in

different environments all around the world. They can be found in soil, fresh water, oceans, and

even in snow on mountaintops. The most widely used laboratory species is Chlamydomonas

reinhardtii. Cells of this species are haploid and can grow on a simple medium of inorganic salts,

using photosynthesis to provide energy (About Chlamydomonas). Deriving energy from

photosynthesis, with an alternative carbon source of acetate, C. reinhardtii can also thrive in total

darkness (About Chlamydomonas). Over the years, studied of Chlamydomonas have provided

major research contributions in the areas of photosynthesis and molecular biology (Merchant et

al., 2007). Over the years, students at LSU perform experiments on the Chlamydomonas to see

how abiotic factors (pH, temperature, nitrate, phosphate, gas exchange, and light intensity) and

biotic factors affect this alga. We decided to manipulate the environmental factor of gas

exchange and see the impact of this factor in the density of the algae population. During this

experiment, we tested the algae in three different environments (no parafilm, small holes poked

in parafilm, and covered in parafilm) over the course of four weeks. My question is how the

different environments will affect the Chlamydomonas population density over a time span of 4

weeks.

Chlorophyll Abundance and pH in the University Lake:

Chlorophyll is a green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.

Chlorophyll absorbs mostly in the blue and to a lesser extent red portions of the electromagnetic

spectrum, hence its intense green color. Green substance in producers that traps light energy

from the sun, which is then used to combine carbon dioxide and water into sugars in the process

of photosynthesis chlorophyll is vital for photosynthesis, which helps plants get energy from

light (chlorophyll). We decided to test the abiotic factor of pH and how the chlorophyll will grow

as the pH levels change in water during different seasons. My question is how do the pH levels

in the University Lake affect the chlorophyll abundance during the fall, summer, and spring from

2015 to 2018?

Population Ecology Null Hypothesis: There will be no difference in the population density of

Chlamydomonas when put in different environments over the course of four weeks.

Population Ecology Alternative Hypothesis: There will be a difference in the population

density of Chlamydomonas when put in different environments over the course of four weeks.

Community Ecology Null Hypothesis: The pH levels of the lake will have no effect on the

chlorophyll abundance in the University Lake during the fall, summer, and spring from 2015 to

2018.

Community Ecology Alternative Hypothesis: The pH levels of the lake will have an effect on

the chlorophyll abundance in the University Lake during the fall, summer, and spring from 2015

to 2018.

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Document Summary

I certify that the writing in this assignment is my individual work and is my sole intellectual property. It does not contain the ideas or writing of other individuals/authors. Population and community ecology results testing different abiotic and biotic factors. These green algae live in different environments all around the world. They can be found in soil, fresh water, oceans, and even in snow on mountaintops. The most widely used laboratory species is chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cells of this species are haploid and can grow on a simple medium of inorganic salts, using photosynthesis to provide energy (about chlamydomonas). Deriving energy from photosynthesis, with an alternative carbon source of acetate, c. reinhardtii can also thrive in total darkness (about chlamydomonas). Over the years, studied of chlamydomonas have provided major research contributions in the areas of photosynthesis and molecular biology (merchant et al. , 2007).

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DNA and genes would be a good topic to choose.

For the Research map, you will need to take the information that you get from the Assignment calculator and turn that into an actual research map. That is not due for a few weeks though (1/20)

For the Research Map, Pretend you are writing a research paper on your topic and it is due in two weeks. Enter today's date and a date two weeks into the future in the Assignment Calculator located on Library West's website, www.uflib.ufl.edu/librarywest. Take the Assignment Calculator's steps and diagram your Research Map using free diagramming or flow chart software that you discover on the internet. Simply plug your steps into the diagram. You do NOT need to include specifics, such as a thesis statement (because, remember, this is a pretend paper topic).

After you diagram the steps outlined in the Assignment Calculator, insert arrows pointing away from steps that you find particularly frustrating, or steps that you know from experience are more difficult for you. Then insert ideas for how you might improve your strategies for accomplishing those steps. This could include using new resources youâve discovered, allowing yourself more time to consider options, reading more background information, or perhaps you already know what you should do (but itâs a case of just doing it!).

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Question:

Organisms living in Antarctica are thought to be particularly susceptible to change in climatic conditions. How might future climate changes affect the distribution of Antarctic organisms?

Describe the current Antarctic climate and factors that are likely to affect environmental change. Make predictions about future changes to the environment and how this might impact the distribution of organisms in the region.

Below has the format that it could be answered.

below the template, it has exampler template with different topic.

------ template

What do you think is the answer to the question? / What is your perspective on the topic? This is your stance or thesis.

Why do you think this? Give at least three supporting reasons (main points)

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-
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Use your stance and supporting points to build your plan. For each main point give a brief explanation, some evidence and/or examples you will use to support it. Provide references where appropriate.

I. Introduction

Possible ideas for the introduction:

(What does the reader need to know to understand the essay? Write as a statement rather than a question or keyword)

Proposed thesis statement:

II. Body - The number of body paragraphs will vary from essay to essay, you choose how many you need.

- Topic sentence:

(Include the main point making it clear how it supports your stance)

Explanations /Evidence/ Examples (include references with each fact (author, date)):

Write as a statement of fact not as a question, heading or keyword

- Topic sentence (include the topic and how it supports your stance):

Explanations /Evidence/ Examples (include references (author, date)):

Write as a statement of fact not as a question, heading or keyword

-Topic sentence (include the topic or how it supports your stance):

Explanations /Evidence/ Examples (include references (author, date)):

Write as a statement rather than a question or keyword

III. Conclusion:

(What are the broad implications of the essay?)

DRAFT WRITING

Introduction and first body paragraph

------- exampler template with different topic

I. Introduction

Possible ideas for the introduction

Climate change

Process of OA

Somehow lead to SO

Thesis Statement : All organisms living bathed in an acidic environment will incur a metabolic cost as a result of the energy expended to maintain functioning cell chemistry this results in reduced growth and reproductive outputs. As a consequence population numbers will drop with a flow on reduction in overall ecosystem biomass and diversity.

II. Body

Main Point: OA has a metabolic cost for all marine organisms and affects growth, reproduction and nutrient value as a food source.[CA2]

Examples/Details/Explanations (include references (author, date)) :

Most pronounced in small organisms but is variable and dependant on pH

e.g. krill, gill & haemolymph regulation issues (Flores et al, 2012) ;

e.g. phytoplankton, reduced nutritional value;

e.g. shell forming organisms dissolution of CaCO₃ shells e.g. pteropods

Main Point: The metabolic cost on the individual results in lower numbers of individuals in a population.

Examples/Details/Explanations (include references (author, date)):

This cost results in reduced fertilisation, extended larval development time, deformities

e.g. seastar (Gonzalez-Bernat et al, 2014) detail effects at different pH levels;

e.g. urchin (Sewell et al 2014)

Main Point: A reduction in biomass of any one species has flow on effects up and down the food chain and could be especially pronounced in the unique Southern Ocean ecosystem.

Examples/Details/Explanations (include references (author, date)):

SO characterised by high nutrient low productivity, âwasp-waistâ structure and short food chains

e.g. phytoplankton as primary producers

e.g. krill as important food source

e.g. pteropods as nutrient cyclers

Main Point: Reduced food availability will likely alter interspecific interactions and may result in some species being driven to extinction.

Examples/Details/Explanations (include references (author, date)):

a. competition will increase as a result of less food e.g. between larger birds and mammals as a flow on from loss of krill

b. shell forming species will be at greater risk of predation due to weaker shells

c. e.g. seastars as keystone species maintaining diversity

III. Conclusion

Effects at organism level will impact on total biomass of that species and those that depend on it for food, therefore the overall productivity and biomass of the SO ecosystem will be reduced and loss of species diversity is expected.

Other Ideas to Conclude:

Effects growth and reproduction and is especially costly for shell forming organisms.

Will see changes as a result of effects on organisms with key functions within the SO ecosystem.

Ideas to leave the reader with (clincher):

Global significance of effects of OA on SO (something related to carbon sink and sequestering of Carbon) or perhaps reminding reader that OA is only one consequence of climate change and that organisms will also be at risk from rising sea temps, melting ice, and invasive species.

BIOL 1209 Lecture Notes - Absorbance, Photosynthetic Pigment, Graduated Cylinder

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