GEOL 1001 Lecture : Geology Noteswap1
• volcanoes can have many different shapes
◦ flatter ones are called shield volcanoes.
◦ steeper ones are called composite volcano
◦ viscosity of lava gives volcano shape
◦ shield volcanoes have more fluid lava
• Hotspot volcanoes are composed of lavas that:
◦ are poor in silica, fluid and not as explosive as convergent margin
volcanoes
◦ Hawii hot spot volcanoes
▪ Plate above hot spot had to move from north to south on vertical
chain, and and then from south east to north west on the
diagonal chain.
◦ Yellowstone hot spot locations
▪ moved from Northeast to Southwest.
◦ Plates move in direction of youngest to oldest.*****
• Hydrology-study of movements and character of water on and under the
Earth's surface
◦ only 4 percent of global water is fresh.
◦ Main réservoirs in the world are
▪ oceans
▪ lakes
▪ glaciers
▪ groundwater
◦ Ground water
▪ flows through connected pores.
▪ shales can have a lot of space (porosity) to trap water but the
water flows poorly through shale (very low permeability).
• Streams: Transport to the Oceans
◦ streams - all bodies of flowing water
◦ rivers - those "bigger" bodies of flowing water.
◦ Laminar flow - when there is no turbulence in a body of water
◦ Turbulent flow - wen there is turbulence in a body of water. when paths
of water cross each other.
▪ particles have paths that are no longer straight or gently
curved(laminar flow)
▪ particles paths cross each other
▪ Turbulence occurs best when the fluid is of low viscosity
(resistance to flow) and fast moving.
◦ 2 types of sedimentary load (depending on water speed)
▪ bed load - sand, gravel, boulder, sliding and rolling along the
bottom
▪ suspended load - clay, mainly within the water
▪ diagram of grain size
▪ Steam Erosion
abrasion - "sandblasting" our by the impact of particles
against the rock bed. e.g. potholes.
Document Summary
Plate above hot spot had to move from north to south on vertical chain, and and then from south east to north west on the diagonal chain: hydrology-study of movements and character of water on and under the. Plates move in direction of youngest to oldest. Yellowstone hot spot locations moved from northeast to southwest. Earth"s surface only 4 percent of global water is fresh. Main r servoirs in the world are oceans lakes glaciers groundwater. Laminar flow - when there is no turbulence in a body of water. Turbulent flow - wen there is turbulence in a body of water. when paths of water cross each other. particles have paths that are no longer straight or gently curved(laminar flow) particles paths cross each other. Turbulence occurs best when the fluid is of low viscosity (resistance to flow) and fast moving.
