BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Extracellular Fluid, Blood Vessel, Circulatory System
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What are the differences in blood composition between the right and left sides of the mammalian heart: right: deoxygenated, left: oxygenated. Describe the key events of the mammalian cardiac cycle. Be sure you understand the differences between diastolic and systolic events: atrial and ventricular diastole. During a relaxation phase, blood returning from the large veins flows into the atria and then into the ventricles through the av valves: atrial systole and ventricular diastole. A brief period of atrial contraction then forces all blood remaining in the atria into the ventricles: ventricular systole and atrial diastole. During the remainder of the cycle, ventricular contraction pumps blood into the large arteries through the semilunar valves: systole: contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, diastole: resting phase of the cardiac cycle. Multiplying this stroke volume by a resting heart rate of 72 beats per minute yields a cardiac output of 5l/min. Increases as much as fivefold during exercise. (stroke volume * resting heart rate)
