ANTR 350 Lecture Notes - Lecture 42: Air Sacs, Breathing, Serous Membrane

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19 Jul 2019

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Dyspnea is labored breathing that is often associated with hypoventilation. Another name for the nostrils of the nose is external nares. The auditory, or eustachian, tubes connect the middle ear with the nasopharynx. Oxygen in the blood is carried most efficiently by combining with hemoglobin in blood cells. Carbon dioxide in the blood is carried most efficiently by bicarbonate ions. Separates the air in the alveoli from the blood in the capillaries of the lung. Connects the larynx to the lung; also called the windpipe. Air sacs in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lung. Reduces the surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli. First branch off the trachea in the lung. Small air tube that has no cartilage in its walls, only smooth muscle. Serous membrane covering the lung and the inner chest wall. Term used to describe the air distribution system. Refers to the respiratory structures outside the thorax.

Related Questions

Question 1

What does the fact that Sylvia only has asthma attacks at work indicate?

	A.	That she is allergic to something in the air during her commute to work.
	B.	That there is something in the building that she works in that is triggering attacks.
	C.	That she needs more exercise to try to lessen the number of asthma attacks.
	D.	That there is more serious lung disease present.

2 points

Question 2

Sylvia uses a bronchodilator when she is having an asthma attack. What is the purpose of this treatment?

	A.	To prevent lung infection
	B.	To control coughing
	C.	To moisten the airway
	D.	To control inflammation of the airway

2 points

Question 3

When Sylvia has an asthma attack, it can be said that she has low oxygen levels in her blood because of her respiratory disorder. This condition is known as:

	A.	Asphyxia
	B.	Cyanosis
	C.	Hypoxemia
	D.	Hypercapnia

2 points

Question 4

The physician who specializes in diseases of the respiratory system, like Sylvia's asthma, is called a/an:

	A.	pulmonologist
	B.	otolaryngologist
	C.	thoracic surgeon
	D.	respiratory therapist

2 points

Question 5

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the:

	A.	trachea
	B.	bronchiole tubes
	C.	diaphragm
	D.	pleural cavity

2 points

Question 6

Sylvia's coworker, Sid, has suffered from bronchitis. This disease occurs when:

	A.	the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant.
	B.	there is a long term, progressive loss of lung function.
	C.	there is an obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness and swelling around vocal cords.
	D.	the sinuses have become inflamed or infected.

2 points

Question 7

Another coworker of Sylvia's has had the flu twice. What is this disease?

	A.	Whooping cough
	B.	Runny nose
	C.	Inflammation of the sinuses
	D.	Acute respiratory infection caused by a virus

2 points

Question 8

When Sylvia feels an asthma attack coming on there is a handheld device that she can used to measure the air flowing out of her lungs; this can reveal any narrowing of the airways before the attack occurs. This device is known as:

	A.	spirometer
	B.	CPAP machine
	C.	peak flow meter
	D.	BiPAP machine

2 points

Question 9

Why does Sylvia's roommate's idea about the city's air pollution triggering an asthma attack not seem likely?

	A.	Sylvia runs in the park every morning and does not have an asthma attack.
	B.	Sylvia does not have a job that requires her to work outdoors.
	C.	Kelly is not a physician so she can't really say what causes an asthma attack.
	D.	Sylvia may not have been tested for allergies that could trigger her asthma attacks.

2 points

Question 10

Sylvia has sometimes noticed wheezing when she has an asthma attack. What does wheezing indicate?

	A.	There is an absence of spontaneous breathing.
	B.	An absence of oxygen
	C.	Partially obstructed airway
	D.	Abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in her blood

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1. Which of the following are considered blood vessels within the cardiovascular system? (Select all that apply.)

Veins

Arteries \

Epithelial tissue

Capillaries

Epidermis

2. The middle muscle layer found in the walls of the heart is the __________.

Myocardium

Epicardium

Endocardium

Aorta

3. Blood is transported throughout the body via ___________.

Veins
Arteries

Capillaries

All of the above

4. The right atrium receives blood from all parts of the body except the ______________.

Abdominal cavity

Lungs

Dorsal cavity

Cranium

5. Blood carries which of the following?

Oxygen and cellular waste

Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, and cellular waste

Nutrients, hormones, enzymes

Oxygen, nutrients, enzymes

6. Vocal chords are found in the ____________.

Bronchus

Trachea

Larynx and Pharynx

Nasal cavity

7. The trachea is mostly lined by ________________.

Alveoli

Ciliated

mucous membrane

Lung capillaries
Vocal chords

8. Excess CO2 from the body is __________________.

Stored in the pancreas

Digested by cells

Excreted by the respiration process

Used to make ATP

9. CO2 from the body is released into the lungs via _________________.

Ciliated mucous membrane

Alveolar air

Nasal cavity

Bronchial tree

10. The principal function(s) of gas exchange is ____________________.

To supply cells with oxygen

To remove CO2 from the body

Both A and B

Neither of the above

One of the most common chronic conditions affecting the respiratory system is asthma. Asthma is a condition characterized by inflammation of the airways. When an asthma attack is triggered, the airways become even more inflamed and can restrict breathing. Common symptoms during an asthma attacks include coughing, wheezing, tightness in the chest and shortness of breath. Severe asthma attacks can be fatal. People with a family history of asthma are more likely to have the condition. While there is no cure for asthma, proper medical care and a management plan can help to maintain quality of life for people living with asthma. There are different types of asthma, each with their own triggers and management plans. Type Description Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB), or Exercise-induced Asthma (EIA) Some people only experience asthma symptoms during exercise. Exercise-induced asthma causes the narrowing of airways during exercise, which restricts the flow of air to and from the lungs. Cold, dry air tends to exacerbate symptoms, while warm, humid air may reduce symptoms. People with exercise-induced asthma should work with their doctor to create a management plan that still allows them to exercise while keeping their symptoms under control. Allergic Asthma Allergic asthma is the most common form of asthma. It is triggered by inhaling allergen particulates, such as dust mites, pollen, pet dander, or mold. The bodyâs reaction to the allergens causes inflammation that results in coughing, wheezing, and other symptoms of asthma. Occupational Asthma Occupational asthma is caused by the frequent inhalation (breathing) of gases, fumes, dust, or other harmful substances in the workplace. Employees working in the chemical or petroleum industries are frequently exposed to chemicals such as Sulphur dioxide or hydrochloric acid, and may develop occupational asthma after prolonged exposure. Childhood Asthma Childhood asthma is usually developed before age 5. It is a condition that affects millions of children. It is vital that childhood asthma is properly controlled to prevent damage to the developing lungs Risk factors: â¢ Allergies â¢ Family history â¢ Frequent respiratory infections â¢ Low birth-weight â¢ Second-hand smoke â¢ Residing in a low-income, urban environment

Asthma symptoms that are triggered by exposure to pollen, pet dander, mold, or dust mites is indicative of which of the following types of asthma:

Occupational asthma

Childhood asthma

Allergic asthma

Exercise-induced asthma

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ANTR 350 Lecture Notes - Lecture 42: Air Sacs, Breathing, Serous Membrane

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