ACC 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Capital Structure, Amortization Schedule

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6 May 2020

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Capital structure - the specific mixture of liabilities and stockholders" equity a business has chosen to raise capital to support business operations and expansion/growth. Debt financing - borrowing money from banks and/or bond investors. Equity financing - obtaining additional investment from stockholders. Usually issued to many lenders (unlike a loan received from an individual bank) Borrower repays the principal (known as the face value), on a specified maturity date - Pay interest over the life of the bond - typically interest payments are made every six typically 10 to 20 years later months (semi-annually) Secured bonds - bonds that have specific assets of the borrower that serve as collateral in. Term bonds - all of the bonds in a specific issuance mature at the same time. Serial bonds - these types of bonds mature serially (in installments) For example, issue 1000 bonds and all 1000 mature in ten years.

Related Questions

1. All of the following are characteristics of currentliabilities except:

a. they may involve estimated amounts. b. they are due withinone year or within the operating cycle, whichever is longer. c.they may be replaced with a new short-term liability rather thanbeing paid in cash. d. all three of the above are characteristic ofcurrent liabilities.

2. Which of the following is an example of a contingentliability?

a. A corporate long-term employment contract with the chiefexecutive officer. b. A lawsuit pending against a restaurant chainfor improper preparation of food. c. A liability for notes payablewith interest included in the face amount. d. The liability forfuture warranty repairs on computers sold during the currentperiod

. 3. A company will have to pay a $50,000 liability in 4 years.How much must be deposited now into a bank account earning 8%compounded semiannually to fully fund the future payment? HINT: PVof $1 The solution to this problem requires time value of moneycalculations. Reference to Tables 9-1 through 9-4 in the text isnecessary to complete the calculations.

a. $35,500 b. $36,535 c. $36,665 d. $34,000

4. On October 1, Lawrence Company borrowed $60,000 from FourthNational Bank on a 1-year, 7% note. If the company's fiscal yearends as of December 31, Lawrence should make an entry toincrease

a. interest payable, $1,050. b. prepaid interest, $3,150. c.notes payable, $1,050. d. interest expense, $4,200.

5. Warranty expenses are the result of the selling companyâsestimate of the number of units sold during the current year thatmay become defective and need repair or replacement during thewarranty period.

a. True b. False

6. Estimated liability for product warranties to be paid in thefuture is a long term liability.

a. True b. False

7. The future value of equal semi-annual payments of $500 at 8%compounded semiannually for 4 years is HINT: FV of Annuity of $1The solution to this problem requires time value of moneycalculations. Reference to Tables 9-1 through 9-4 in the text isnecessary to complete the calculations.

a. $ 868 b. $9,320 c. $2,000 d. $4,607

8. What is the correct classification of the account: Discounton Notes Payable?

a. a revenue b. a contra liability c. an asset d. an expense

9. If the annual interest is 12%, but the compounding is donequarterly, then the interest rate is 3% per period.

a. True b. False

10. A convertible bond is one where a. the issuer can convertfrom

a fixed interest rate to a floating one. b. the issuer canconvert it from long-term to short-term. c. the issuer can retirethe bond before its specified due date. d. the holder can convertthe bond into common stock at a future time.

11. Which of the following statements regarding serial bonds istrue?

a.They are likely to be issued by food companies.

b. They have shorter lives than term bonds.

c.They are strongly backed by the issuer's collateral.

d. The bonds do not all mature on the same date.

12. Bonds are a popular source of financing because

a.bond interest expense is deductible for tax purposes, whiledividends paid on stock are not.

b. financial analysts tend to downgrade a company that hasraised large amounts of cash by frequent issues of stock.

c. a company having cash flow problems can postpone payment ofinterest to bondholders.

d. the bondholders can always convert their bonds into stock ifthey choose.

13. When determining the amount of interest to be paid on abond, which of the following information is not necessary?

a.The face amount of the bonds

b. The selling price of the bonds

c.The face rate of interest on the bonds

d. The length of the interest period, annually or semiannually14. Which of the following statements is correct?

a.Bonds are issued at a price that reflects the stated rate ofinterest on the day the bond is purchased.

b. If the face rate of interest on a bond is not equal to themarket rate of interest, then the company desiring to issue thebonds must reprint its bond certificates.

c.The actual issue price of a bond represents the present valueof all future cash flows related to the bond.

d. The market rate of interest has no bearing on the sellingprice of the bonds.

15. Endeavor Company issued 20-year bonds with a coupon rate of6% when the market rate of interest was 9%. This means that thebonds were issued

a.at a premium. b. at a discount. c.at the face value. d. withan additional 3 years of interest.

16. Which of the following statements regarding leases isfalse?

a. Lease agreements are a popular form of financing the purchaseof assets because leases do not require a large initial outlay ofcash.

b. Accounting recognizes two types of leases--operating andcapital leases.

c. If a lessor classifies a lease as a capital lease, then thelessee records a lease liability on its balance sheet.

d. If a lease is classified as an operating lease, the lesseerecords a lease liability on its balance sheet.

17. Which of the following accounts would not appear on thebalance sheet of a lessee company recording a capital lease?

a. Accumulated depreciation on the leased asset

b. Lease obligation in the current liability section

c. Lease obligation in the long-term liability section

d. Rent expense on the income statement

champagneraccoon881

Investment and financing decisions, which may beshort-term or long-term decisions are best describedas:

financial decision making.

economic decision making.

accounting decision making.

Mutual funds, pension funds, investment dealers andinsurance companies are best described as examples of:

corporate finance.

market intermediaries.

financial intermediaries.

Farmers and Merchants Bank lends money to Ruth topurchase a car from Steven Toyota. Ruth is going to insure the carwith Allstate Insurance. Which party is best described as thecreditor?

Ruth

Steven Toyota

Allstate Insurance

Farmers and Merchants Bank

Which of the following would not be described as adebenture?

An unsecured loan

A loan secured by collateral

A loan secured by the âfull faith and creditâ of theissuer

Morgan Stanley was the investment banking firm that tookFacebook from being a closely held company to issuing stock to thepublic for the first time. Which of the following terms mostclosely describes this?

money market security.

issuing commercial paper.

initial public offering (IPO).

debt security backed by the general credit of theissuer.

Which of the following transactions does not take placein the primary market? An investor:

buying a newly issued municipal bond.

buying shares of an initial publicoffering.

selling one hundred shares of stock through a stockbroker.

buying a U.S. Treasury bill through the governmentauction.

The majority of home purchases in the U.S. are securedwith a mortgage. A mortgage is:

an unsecured loan.

an equity investment in the property.

a debt obligation secured by a specificproperty.

Which form of business would most likely describe thefollowing, a college student other students, a retired woman whobabysits children, a teenager who mows lawns, and a partyclown?

Partnership

Corporation

Sole proprietorship

Limited liability company

Flow-through taxation is a characteristic for all butthe following forms of business?

Partnership

Corporation

Sole proprietorship

Limited liability company

Your sister wants to start a tee shirt business on e-Baywith you to help pay for college tuition. All of the following areadvantages to partnerships that you should both consider, except____________?

Easy to form

Access to capital

Business income is taxed once, at the individualpartnerâs level

Which of the following takes into account takes intoaccount the opportunity cost of funds?

Net profit

Economic profit

Accounting profit

When we talk about capital structure, this refersto:

the cash, inventory, and accountsreceivable.

mix of debt and equity to finance anenterprise.

the investment in plant, property andequipment.

The uncertainty associated with the use of debt tofinance a business enterprise is best described as:

financial risk.

business risk.

operating risk.

The mix of debt and equity that is used to finance abusiness enterprise is best described as theenterpriseâs:

assets.

working capital.

capital structure.

capital expenditures

Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are bestdescribed as a(n):

organization that establishes the accounting principlesfor U.S. financial reporting.

accounting standards promulgated by the InternationalAccounting Standards Board (IASB.)

set of basic principles and conventions that are appliedin the preparation of financial statements.

organization that establishes the accounting principlesfor business entities in the European EconomicCommunity.

Which reporting convention requires recording revenueand expenses when the transaction occurs, regardless of when cashchanges hands?

Cost basis

Cash basis

Accrual basis

The summary of the companyâs performance over a periodof time, typically a fiscal quarter or fiscal year

Balance sheet

Statement of stockholderâs equity

Income statement

Statement of cash flows

_______ is the cash flow from the day-to-day operationsof the business; the result of subtracting the increase in newworking capital from traditional cash flow.

Cash flow from investing

Cash flow from financing

Simple cash flow

Cash flow from operations

The debt ratio is classified as which type ofratio?

Owner

Liquidity

Efficiency

Productivity

Financial Leverage

Inventory turnover, accountsreceivable turnover, fixed asset turnover, and total asset turnoverare all classified as which type of ratio?

Owner

Liquidity

Efficiency

Productivity

Financial Leverage

ABC Company attempts tomanage its earnings by extending the useful life of all of itsequipment. Which of the following will not be an outcome of thischoice by management?

Income will be higher than it would have been underprior accounting methods.

Equipment values will be higher than they would havebeen without the change.

Depreciation expense will be lower than it would havebeen under prior accounting methods.

Depreciation expense will be higher than it would havebeen under prior accounting methods.

It is important for a companyto know the level of sales at which it covers all its variable andfixed operating costs. This level of sales is best described asthe:

gross profit margin.

contribution margin.

operating break even.

operating profit margin.

The minimum return thatinvestors expect to earn on the investment in stock is bestdescribed as:

growth rate.

risk premium.

capital gains yield.

required rate of return

If a company returns more than the required rate ofreturn on a stock, what happens to the value of thatstock?

The stock price falls.

The stock price rises.

The stock price stays the same.

When market rates are greaterthan the dividend rate, preferred shares will tradeat:

par.

a discount.

a premium.

byzantiummoose662

A fire destroyed your firmâs ending balance sheet and income statement after the year-end
but before the financial statements are released. However, you have been successful in obtaining the
numbers for the beginning balance sheet and the statement of cash flows, which are provided to you and
your team members in Excel format. Fields representing the missing balance sheet and income statement
are End of year2 in the Excel sheet

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (USD $)	End of year 2	End of year 1
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	End of year 2	End of year 1
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	ã	598
Receivables, net	ã	230
Inventories, net	ã	2309
Other current assets	ã	47
Total current assets	ã	3184
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation	ã	1292
Assets held for sale	ã	1
Goodwill	ã	76
Intangible assets, net	ã	29
Other assets, net	ã	32
Assets, Total	ã	4614
Current liabilities:	ã	0
Current portion of long-term debt	ã	0
Accounts payable	ã	2030
Accrued expenses	ã	380
Other current liabilities	ã	150
Total current liabilities	ã	2560
Long-term debt	ã	604
Other long-term liabilities	ã	239
Commitments and Contingencies	ã	0
Stockholders Equity Attributable to Parent [Abstract]	ã	0
Preferred stock, nonvoting, $00001 par value	ã	0
Common stock, voting, $00001 par value	ã	0
Additional paid-in capital	ã	520
Treasury stock, at cost	ã	-27
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	ã	3
Retained earnings	ã	715
Total stockholders equity	ã	1210
Liabilities and Stockholders Equity, Total	ã	4613


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (USD $)	12 Months Ended
In Thousands, except Per Share data, unless otherwise specified	Year 2
Net sales	ã
Cost of sales, including purchasing and warehousing costs	ã
Gross profit	ã
Selling, general and administrative expenses	ã
Operating income	ã
Interest expense	ã
Other income, net	ã
Total other, net	ã
Income before provision for income taxes	ã
Provision for income taxes	ã
Net income	ã


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (USD $)	12 Months Ended
In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	Year 2
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$392
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	208
Share-based compensation	13
Loss on property and equipment, net	1
Other	2
Provision for deferred income taxes	-2
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation	-16
Increase Decrease in Operating Capital
Receivables, net	-32
Inventories, net	-204
Other assets	11
Accounts payable	113
Accrued expenses	63
Other liabilities	-4
Net cash provided by operating activities	545
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	-196
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross	-186
Sale of certain assets of acquired business	19
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment	1
Net cash used in investing activities	-362
Cash flows from financing activities:
(Decrease) increase in bank overdrafts	-3
Decrease in financed vendor accounts payable	0
Issuance of senior unsecured notes	449
Payment of debt related costs	-9
Borrowings under credit facilities	0
Payments on credit facilities	0
Dividends paid	-18
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, primarily exercise of stock options	4
Tax withholdings related to the exercise of stock appreciation rights	-22
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation	16
Repurchase of common stock	-81
Contingent payment accrued on acquisitions	5
Other	-1
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	331
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	514
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	598
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	1,112
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	35
Income tax payments	219
Non-cash transactions:
Accrued purchases of property and equipment	21
Retirement of common stock	0
Contingent consideration accrued on acquisitions	0
Changes in other comprehensive income	1
Declared but unpaid cash dividends	$4

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ACC 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Capital Structure, Amortization Schedule

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