PSY 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Amniotic Fluid, Emerging Adulthood And Early Adulthood, Organogenesis
1 May 2018
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PSY 1010 Exam 3 Notes
Chapter 11 – Human Development Across the Lifespan
• Development
o Pattern of change
o Begins at conception
o Continues through life cycle
▪ Life expectancy: how long we can expect to live (currently 78.7 years, females live ~5
years longer)
▪ Life span: how long you actually live
o Elastic: we are all capable of change
• Periods of Development
o Developmental processes
▪ Biological processes
▪ Cognitive processes
▪ Socioemotional processes
Prenatal
Conception to birth
Infancy
Birth to 18-24 months
Total dependency on caregiver
Early childhood
18-24 months to 5 to 6 years
Also called preschool years,
school readiness skills
Middle/late childhood
6 to 11 years
elementary school years,
fundamental skills
Adolescence
10 to 18 years
A more important stage of
development. Puberty occurs,
searching, exploring and
acknowledging identity. Helps
become independent.
Emerging adulthood
18 to 25 years
Socially independent, but not yet
financially independent
Early adults
25 to 45 years
Financially independent
Middle Adulthood
45 to 65 years
Stability
Late Adulthood
65 and older
• Age is Ambiguous
o Chronological age: how much youve actually aged
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o Biological age: how healthy you are and how well you function
o Psychological age: how well you cope (ex: throwing temper tantrums as an adult)
o Social age: where you are in your life relative to the expectations of society
Germinal Period
Embryonic Period
Fetal Period
Characteristics
Attachment of the zygote
to the uterine wall,
implantation ~10 days
after conception
Cells differentiate and
organs begin to appear
(organogenesis), zygote
now an embryo
Significant
Timespan
First 2 weeks post-
conception
2 to 8 weeks post-
conception
Begins 2 months after
conception and lasts, on
average, 7 months
Miscellaneous
Embryonic heart beat
~22 days post-conception
At 24 weeks, fetus
deemed viable
• Key Terms
o Amniotic fluid: controls temperature and humidity of the environment, allows shock absorption,
prevents dehydration, protects against infection
o Teratogen: any agent that causes a birth defect (earlier hit is more structurally vulnerable, later hit
is more functionally vulnerable – neurological is at highest risk)
▪ Dose: the greater the dose, the greater the effect
▪ Time of exposure: teratogens do more damage when they occur at some points in
development rather than others
▪ Genetic susceptibility: based upon genotype of pregnant mother and genotype of the fetus
o Ultrasound: used to examine a fetus
▪ CRL: crown to rump length, measured during an ultrasound (ex 20.2 mm CRL)
▪ GA: gestational age (using example above, 8W 4D)
▪ EDD: estimated due date
o Infertility: inability to conceive a child after 12 months of regular intercourse
o Vernix: greasy/fatty substance on an infant at birth, provides moisture and hydration and helps
conserve heat lungs are least mature organs at birth, so you dont want the baby to aspirate this
substance)
o Skin-to-skin contact: very important for the infant to have skin-to-skin contact with both mother
and father, letting off endorphins and allowing for bonding
o Post-partum: about 70% of women experience post-partum blues, if it becomes chronic and causes
dysfunction it leads to post-partum depression (10-14% of women)
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Document Summary
Periods of development: developmental processes, biological processes, cognitive processes, socioemotional processes. Also called (cid:498)preschool years,(cid:499) (cid:498)elementary school years,(cid:499) school readiness skills fundamental skills. Attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall, implantation ~10 days. Cells differentiate and organs begin to appear (organogenesis), zygote. Begins 2 months after conception and lasts, on. ~22 days post-conception: key terms average, 7 months. Infants physical development in the first two years of life is extensive: sitting (~6 months) )n (cid:883)(cid:884) months, infants capable of : standing (cid:523)by themselves ~(cid:883)(cid:884)-13 months, crawling (~7-10 months, walking (~13 months) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt move on to exhibit a healthy lifestyle. Maturation of senses along with motor skills, object permanence (attachment to an object, doesn(cid:495)t occur until ~8. Birth 2 years months: parenting styles. Symbolic thought (ex: drawing) but still egocentric (ex: nodding head on the phone), lack conservation (inability to reverse mental operation) Interpreting and classification (ex: understanding a family tree)
