BI SC 002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Molecular Clock, Drosophila Melanogaster, Antibiotics
Document Summary
Small differences in gene expression might make the difference between a: limbed organism, limbless organism. Homoeotic genes therefore help explain: how a few key mutations might produce new species. There is a fly that has legs growing out of the face. Dna is a molecular clock : mutations accumulate over generations. Can be used to estimate the time since a common ancestor was shared. Cytochrome c evolution: less differences means you are more closely related to the organism, organisms: Kills of bacteria that are not resistant. Wwii: 1939 1956, saved many soldiers returning from war, antibiotics speed up the process. Immune system engages to fight the bacteria and virus: person becomes immune to the virus once the immune system destroys it. Some viruses have mutations in proteins: not sufficient to change the function, but: Makes the virus look a little bit different to the immune system. Immune system will think it is a different virus: as a result:
