01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Thylakoid, Nucleolus, Lipid Bilayer
3 Oct 2018
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The smallest unit that carries out all activities associated with life. Compared to cells throughout human body who have specialized functions. Prokaryotes- before nucleus- do(cid:373)ai(cid:374)s: ba(cid:272)teria a(cid:374)d ar(cid:272)haea (do(cid:374)(cid:859)t ha(cid:448)e a true nucleus). Major features: bacterial chromosome (singular piece of dna that is closed, (1) circular). (2) Ribosomes= structure involved in protein synthesis (closed (3) in plasma membrane and then cell wall) (4) Ribosomes- surrounded by plasma membrane (6) mitochondria (7) Some eukaryotes have a cell wall but not all. Interact with/ respond to external environment* (generally) limited in size* Advantageous to maximize surface area to volume ratio. Often highly visible (mitochondria and chloroplast also have some) Nuclear envelope- double membrane, separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm. Protein complexes that act like gates: specific about what they let in and out. Present in all eukaryotic lineages- plants and animals. Intermembrane space, outer membrane, inner membrane, matrix check out textbook definitions and add them into notes.
