01:510:261 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Nato, Central Intelligence Agency, Mao Zedong
13 May 2018
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Chapter 23 - The United States and the Cold War, 1945–
1953
1. Origins of the Cold War
1. Rival postwar powers
1. United States
1. Measures of power
2. Global agenda
2. Soviet Union
1. Measures of power
2. Global agenda
2. Roots of "containment"
1. Projection of Soviet dominance in eastern Europe
2. George Kennan's Long Telegram
3. Winston Churchill's "iron curtain" speech
3. Truman Doctrine
1. Background
1. President Truman's perspective on world
1. Lack of experience
2. Black-and-white outlook
2. Greece and Turkey questions
1. Internal conflicts
2. Strategic significance
3. Disengagement of Britain
3. Unveiling by Truman
2. Themes and significance
1. Presidential embrace of containment policy
2. Division of globe between "free" and "communist"
3. America's ongoing mission to lead, defend "free
world"
3. Impact on popular conception of postwar world
4. Broad bipartisan support
5. Implementation
1. Aid to anticommunist regimes
2. Forging of global military alliances
3. Founding of new national security bodies
1. Atomic Energy Commission
2. National Security Council (NSC)
3. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
4. Marshall Plan
1. Provisions
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2. Underlying motivations and vision
3. Achievements
5. Berlin crisis
1. Emerging East-West conflict over Berlin
2. Soviet blockade
3. Western airlift
4. Lifting of blockade
6. Escalation of Cold War
1. Division of Germany into East Germany and West Germany
2. Soviet acquisition of atomic bomb
3. Establishment of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
1. Avowed mission
2. Varied agendas
4. Establishment of Warsaw Pact
5. Communist revolution in China
1. Mao Zedong
2. Political repercussions in United States
3. American response
6. NSC-68
7. Korean War
1. Postwar division of Korea
2. North Korean invasion of south
3. Mobilization of U.S. military response
1. Perception of Cold War test
2. Obtainment of United Nations authorization
4. Initial American military progress
5. Intervention by China
6. Removal of General Douglas MacArthur
7. Protracted stalemate; eventual death toll
8. Armistice and aftermath
8. Concerns raised by Cold War critics
1. Simplistic East-West dichotomies
2. Inability to see foreign developments on case-by-case basis
3. Continual intervention abroad
4. Tendency to side with undemocratic regimes
5. Aversion to colonial independence
2. Ideological mobilization for Cold War
1. Effect on notions of freedom
2. Realms
1. Depictions of U.S. history
2. The arts
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