01:830:101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System, Motor Neuron
8 Nov 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
1
Adam Ibrahim
Unit 3A: Biological Bases of Behavior
I. Biological Bases of Behavior
A Neural Processing and the Endocrine System
1. Everything psychological is simultaneously biological
2. Franz Gall- phrenology- Bumps on skull reveal our mental abilities
3. Biological psychology- The links between biology and behavior
4. Biopsychosocial systems- Cells, organs, system, individual, family, etc.
B. Neural Communication
1. Simple animals used to study their neural system
2. Human neural system is similar to theirs
3. All animals have similar brain structure
C. Neurons
1. Neurons- Nerve cells
2. Sensory neurons- Carry incoming info from receptors→ brain
3. Motor neurons- Carry outgoing info from brain→muscles
4. Interneuron- Communicate w/ sensory & motor neurons
5. Dendrite fibers- Receive info, conduct it toward the cell body
6. Dendrite→Axon→neurons. (Dendrites receive info, Axons give out the info)
7. Myelin Sheath- Speeds up axon’s inpulses
8. Action Potential- A neural impulse that travels down axon
9. Resting Potential (Before anything happens). + ions outside/ - ions inside
10. Axons are selectively permeable, specific things allowed in
11. Neuron sends signal→1st part of axon opens→ + Na. ions flood in (Dominos)
12. Two signals: Excitatory- GO, Inhibitory- STOP
13. Excitatory > Inhibitory = Threshold →Action Potential
D. How Neurons Communicate
1. Synapse- Meeting point between neurons. Dendrites & axons don’t touch
2. Action potential reach end of axon neurotransmitters (chem. messengers), jump
across synaptic gap, bind w/ receptors on receiving neuron
3. Reuptake- Excess neurotransmitters reabsorbed by initial sending neuron
E. How Neurotransmitters Influence Us
1. Acetylcholine (Ach)- Common neurotransmitter at every gap between motor
neuron & skeletal muscle
2. Endorphin (Morphine w/in)- Opiate-like neurotransmitter linked to pleasure
and pain control
3. Agonist Molecule- Mimic neurotransmitters, temporary “high”
F. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
1. Nerves- Bundles of axons
2. PNS- Body’s sensory & motor neurons
3. Somatic Nervous System- Voluntary control of Skeletal muscles
4. Autonomic Nervous System- Controls glands & muscles in organs
5. Sympathetic Nervous System- Controls, arouses, and expends energy
6. Parasympathetic Nervous System- Peaceful, calms body, conserves energy
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01:830:101 Full Course Notes
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