BIOL 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Heart Valve, Great Vessels, Extracellular Fluid

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10 Feb 2020

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Recall that all veins return blood to the atria. Review your notes from lab on the great vessels of the heart. Tracing the general flow of blood through the two major circuits (pulmonary and systemic) could be started anywhere. Often, texts will start with the veins, which return blood to the atria. From the atria most blood flows passively into the ventricles; the remaining blood that will move does so when the atria contract. From the ventricles blood is pumped into arteries. The atrioventricular valves prevent backflow from the ventricles to the atria when the ventricles contract. The semilunar valves prevent backflow from the major arteries to the ventricles when the ventricles relax. The arteries lead to smaller vessels that eventually lead to capillaries where materials are exchanged between blood and interstitial fluid within tissues. Capillaries join together to form vessels that join with others that become veins, returning blood to the atria.

Related Questions

1) The external layer of the heart wall is the

Multiple Choice

endocardium.

myocardium.

epicardium.

parietal pericardium.

2) Check all that are characteristics of cardiac muscle.

Check All That Apply

Cells are long and cylindrical.

Cells are short and branching.

Cells have multiple nuclei at the periphery of the cell.

Cells have one or two nuclei in the center of the cell.

They are composed of thick and thin filaments.

The functional contractile unit is the sarcomere.

3) Match the chamber of the heart with the structure(s) from which it receives blood.

Coronary sinus

Pulmonary veins

Right atrium

Left atrium

Match each of the options above to the items below.

Right atrium

Right atrium Open choices for matching

Right ventricle

Right ventricle Open choices for matching

Left atrium

Left atrium Open choices for matching

Left ventricle

4) The less extensive distribution of T-tubules contributes to the more delayed onset and prolonged contraction of cardiac muscle tissue compared to skeletal muscle tissue.

True or False

5) The cells of the ___________ act as the heart's pacemaker, which establishes the pace for cardiac activity.

Multiple Choice

atrioventricular (AV) node

sinoatrial (SA) node

atrioventricular (AV) bundle

Purkinje cells

6) Match the cardiac vein with its description.

Travels close to the right marginal artery

In posterior interventricular sulcus

In anterior interventricular sulcus

In the posterior portion of cornary sulcus

Match each of the options above to the items below.

Great cardiac vein

Great cardiac vein Open choices for matching

Middle cardiac vein

Middle cardiac vein Open choices for matching

Small cardiac vein

Small cardiac vein Open choices for matching

Coronary sinus

7) Parasympathetic innervation to the heart comes from the medulla oblongata via the left and right ___________ nerves.

8) Check all that are components of the sympathetic innervation of the heart.

Check All That Apply

Cervical sympathetic ganglionCervical sympathetic ganglion

Spinal cordSpinal cord

Vagus nerve (CN X)Vagus nerve (CN X)

Cardiac nerveCardiac nerve

Sympathetic postganglionic axon

9) Check all that occur during ventricular contraction.

Check All That Apply

The AV valves open to allow blood to enter the ventricles from the atria.The AV valves open to allow blood to enter the ventricles from the atria.

The semilunar valves remain closed to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles.The semilunar valves remain closed to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles.

The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow into the large arteries.The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow into the large arteries.

The AV valves close to prevent backflow of blood into the atria.

1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of bloodflow?

a. heart --> atery --> arteriole --> capillary -->vein --> venule --> heart

b. heart --> vein --> venule --> capillary -->arteriole --> artery --> heart

c. heart --> artery --> arteriole --> capillary -->venule --> vein --> heart

d. heart --> artery --> venule --> capillary -->arteriole --> vein --> heart

e. heart--> artery --> capillary --> arteriole -->venule --> vein --> heart

2. What are the functions of the elastic fibers that are foundin the walls of ateries? (there may be more than one answer)

Select one or more:

a. they allow the artery to stretch and then recoil back to itsoriginal shape as blood is forcegully pumped from the heart intothe arteries

b. they allow arteries to lengthen as the volume of blood in thearteries increase

c. they help maintain a steady blood pressure during thedifferent phases of heart contraction

d. they smooth out the walls of the arteries to preventturbulent blood flow

3. Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system?(there may be more than one answer)

Select one or more:

a. help fight infections and cancer

b. allows excess interstitial fluid (fluid found between thecells in your tissues) to get dumped back into your blood

c. brings large molecules from fat digestion into thebloodstream so that they can be processed and stored

d. all of the above are functions of the lymphatic system

4. Which of the following blood vessels bring newly oxygenatedblood from the blood vessels in the lungs back to the heart so thatthe heart can pump it to the rest of the body?

Select one:

a. aorta

b. inferior vena cava

c. pulmonary vein

d. pulmonary artery

5. Which of the following mechanisms help blood fight gravity sothat, for instance, it can return from blood vessels in your feetback into your heart? (there may be more than one answer)

Select one or more:

a. breathing allows the pressure in your chest to decrease andallow blood to flow up towards your heart

b. as you walk, the skeletal muscles in your legs contract andsqueeze the veins; since veins have valves, blood flows up anddoesn't backflow back down

c. the force of blood flowing out of the heart and into thearteries pushes all of the blood along, causing blood to return tothe heart

d. precapillary sphincters open to allow blood to flow backtowards the heart

6. The tricuspid and bicuspid/mitral valves prevent backflow ofblood from the atria into the ventricles.

Select one:

True

False

7. The following sequence represents the correct order of bloodflow through the heart:

inferior and superior vena cava --> right atrium --> rightventricle --> pulmonary artery --> lungs --> pulmonaryvein --> left atrium --> left ventricle --> aorta

Select one:

True

False

8. Capillaries are as wide as one red blood cell.

Select one:

True

False

9. The purpose of the coronary arteries is to bring oxygenatedblood to the walls of the heart so that the muscles in the heartwalls can contract.

Select one:

True

False

10. Vasodilation refers to the narrowing of blood vessels.

Select one:

True

False

ultramarinealligator67

21. Which of the followingis a way to reduce the risk of varicose veins?

	wear tight pants
	remain inactive
	standing for extended periods
	wear special hosiery

22. What are the way(s)that vision in the older adult can be improved?

	Magnifying glass
	Decrease light
	Increase glare
	Decrease contrast

23. An exercise programfor the healthy older adult should follow which of thefollowing?

	Exercises should be performed once a week
	Exercises must be performed daily for a minimum of 50minutes
	Exercise programs must be vigorous, extended and frequent
	Exercise programs should only focus on range of motion andstretching

24. What does perfusion ofthe lungs involve?

	absorption of oxygen from the blood into the lungs
	movement of blood through the pulmonary vessels
	absorption of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lungs
	movement of blood into the alveolar sacs

25. Which is true inregards to chronological aging?

	it can't be altered by the other types of aging
	the other types of aging can effectively increase or decreaseit

26. Aging has theleast effect on which respiratory function?

	Perfusion
	Ventilation
	Diffusion

27. What is angina? It ispain associated with:

	decrease in the electrical output from the heart
	inflammation of the heart muscles and veins
	decrease in blood supply to coronary arteries
	increase in pressure against the heart valves

28. "Remembering specificfacts that a person tried to learn so they could be remembered" isthe definition for which type of memory?

	episodic
	explicit
	short-term
	procedural

29. What is socialaging?

	loss of interest in interaction with other
	changes one has in the interaction with others
	increase in interest in interacting with others

30. What ishomeostasis?

	term used to imply normal aging
	having proper and fairly stable conditions
	having consistent rest/sleep
	condition where blood is not flowing freely

BIOL 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Heart Valve, Great Vessels, Extracellular Fluid

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