PSY 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Ethology, John Bowlby, Lev Vygotsky

• School: Tunxis Community College
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSY 100
• Professor: Bourne

Document Summary

Contributions include an emphasis on scientific research and environmental determinants of behaviour along with identifying reciprocal links between behaviour/environment/cognition. Criticisms include: too little emphasis on cognition in skinner"s view, giving inadequate attention to developmental changes and biological foundations. Critics assert that too much emphasis is placed on biological foundations and that the critical and sensitive period concepts may be too rigid. Ecological theory (bronfenbrenner): emphasizes environmental factors and holds that development reflects the influence of 5 environmental systems; microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Psychoanalytic: freud and erikson; emphasize unconscious thought and emotions. Cognitive: piaget and vygotsky; emphasize conscious thought. Behavioural and social cognitive: pavlov, skinner, and bandura; emphasize continuity. Ecological: bronfenbrenner; emphasize quality and context of the environment. Ethological: lorenz and bowlby; emphasize biology, evolution, and critical periods. Natural selection: the evolutionary process by which those individuals that are best adapted are the ones that survive and reproduce.