HY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Croesus, Zoroastrianism, Zoroaster
30 May 2018
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I.The Assyrian Empire
A. A Semitic-speaking people
B. The fight for existence
C. The middle Assyrian period (1362-859 B.C.E.)
1. Assuruballit I (1362-1327 B.C.E.)
a. Extended power over northern Mesopotamia
2. Tukulti-Ninurta I (1243-1207 B.C.E.)
. Conqueror of the first order
a. Sacked Babylon
3. Assurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C.E.)
. Revived Assyrian strength
a. Founded the neo-Assyrian empire
D. The neo-Assyrian empire (859-627 B.C.E.)
1. Assyrian throne seized by Tiglath- Pileser III (744 B.C.E.)
. Conquered various western kingdoms
2. The dynasty of Sargon II (722-705 B.C.E.)
. The Sargonids
3. Government and administration
. An armed state
a. King as hereditary monarch and earthly representative of the god Assur
b. Divination and oracles
c. Extensive bureaucracy
d. Rigidly patriarchal
4. The Assyrian military-religious ethos
. Holy war and the exaction of tribute through terror
a. The Assyrian army belonged to Assur
b. The worship of Assur among conquered people
c. Assyrian warfare
i. Butchering and torturing enemies
ii. Strategy and tactics
iii. Heavily armed and armored shock troops
iv. Archery and chariots
v. Catapults and siege engines
E. The end of Assyria and its legacy
1. Sennacherib (704-681 B.C.E.)
. Rebuilt Nineveh
2. Assurbanipal (669-627 B.C.E.)
. Strong military presence
a. Internal reforms
b. The library at Nineveh
3. General hatred of the Assyrians
4. Nineveh captured and burned (612 B.C.E.)
5. The Chaldean empire (612-539 B.C.E.)
II. The Persians
. The origins of the Persian empire
1. Emerged from obscurity when Cyrus became ruler of all Persians
2. Threw off the lordship of the Medes
3. Lydian gold and silver
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Document Summary
I. the assyrian empire: a semitic-speaking people, the fight for existence, the middle assyrian period (1362-859 b. c. e. , assuruballit i (1362-1327 b. c. e. , extended power over northern mesopotamia, tukulti-ninurta i (1243-1207 b. c. e. ) Conqueror of the first order: sacked babylon, assurnasirpal ii (883-859 b. c. e. ) Revived assyrian strength: founded the neo-assyrian empire, the neo-assyrian empire (859-627 b. c. e. , assyrian throne seized by tiglath- pileser iii (744 b. c. e. ) Conquered various western kingdoms: the dynasty of sargon ii (722-705 b. c. e. ) An armed state: king as hereditary monarch and earthly representative of the god assur, divination and oracles, extensive bureaucracy, rigidly patriarchal, the assyrian military-religious ethos. Holy war and the exaction of tribute through terror: the assyrian army belonged to assur, the worship of assur among conquered people, assyrian warfare. Catapults and siege engines: the end of assyria and its legacy. Internal reforms: the library at nineveh, general hatred of the assyrians, nineveh captured and burned (612 b. c. e. , the chaldean empire (612-539 b. c. e. )
