HY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Pope Clement Vi, Pope Urban Vi, Pope Gregory Xi
30 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
I. Kievan Rus and the Rise of Muscovy
A. Russia in 1500: the largest multiethnic empire in the Eurasian world
B. The separation of Russia from Europe (c. 1200)
1. Conquest of eastern Slavic states by the Mongols
2. The khanate of the Golden Horde
C. The rise of Muscovy
1. Moscow rose to power as a tribute-collecting center for the khanate
2. Gradually became the dominant political power in northeastern Russia
3. Poor relations between Eastern Orthodoxy and Western Christianity
D. The rivalry with Poland
1. Poland a second-rate power
2. Polish queen, Jadwiga, marries Jagiello of Lithuania (1386)
3. Doubled the size of Poland
4. Battle of Tannenberg (1410)
a. Defeat of the Teutonic knights
5. Poland-Lithuania pushed its borders toward Russia
E. Moscow and Byzantium
1. Growing alienation between Moscow and western Europe
2. Russian church saw itself as an ally of Constantinople
3. 1438: church authorities in Constantinople submit to papal authority and unite with the
Latin church
4. Russia refused to submit to Rome
5. The fall of Constantinople (1453)
6. Muscovite ruler takes the name tsar
7. Moscow declared a "second Jerusalem" and "the third Rome"
F. The reign of Ivan the Great (1462-1505)
1. Transformed the grand duchy of Moscow into an imperial power
2. The White Tsar
3. Annexed all independent principalities between Moscow and Poland-Lithuania
4. Political autocracy and imperialism
. Built the Kremlin
a. The "tsar of all the Russias"
II. Trials for the Church
. The late medieval papacy and conciliarism
1. The papacy at Avignon (1309-1378)
. Large and efficient bureaucracy
a. Avignon popes imposed new taxes and obligations of churches in France,
England, Germany, and Spain
b. Claimed the right to appoint bishops and priests
2. Clergy and laity alienated by papal demands for money
3. Luxury and corruption
. Pope Clement VI
a. The selling of offices and sexual transgressions
4. Pope Urban V tries to return to Rome
. Blocked by Charles V of France
5. Pope Gregory XI returns the papacy to Rome
. Early death led to Roman riots
a. Demanded that cardinals elect an Italian
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