ANT 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Upper Paleolithic, Neanderthal, Ancient Dna
13 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
Elaborate tool kits (stone, antler, ivory, bone) H. heidelbergensis and neandertals evolved into modern humans gradually. Homo has always been composed of one species. Regional variations always existed, kind of like they do today. A new species arose in africa and replaced neandertals and other middle paleolithic species. Between 200-100 kyr, archaic species evolved into modern humans in africa and later spread outward replacing neandertals. No (or no significant) interbreeding with neandertals nor other archaic species. Neandertal mtdna fell outside the variation found in humans. Suggested common ancestor about 520-800k years ago. And oldest anatomically modern humans found in africa. Only ~3% of human genetic variation exists between continental regions. Modern human migration based on genetic, paleoanthropological, and linguistic data. Small amount (1-4%) of genome of some europeans and asians (but not africans) can be traced to neandertals. Small amount of denisovan dna (4-6%_ shared with melanesians (not found in neandertals or other living humans)
