PSY 305 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Inductive Reasoning, Utility, Attribute Substitution
29 Jun 2018
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9 November Notes
Thinking
● Using representations
○ We rely on our REPRESENTATIONS to guide our responses
○ Reasoning or Making Judgments
■ Reasoning: what we know and how we perceive from there, basic
elements of thinkings, we then use these judgements to make decisions
○ Decision Making
■ Choosing, this or that?
○ Problem Solving
■ Next level of thinking. You look at your options and choose a specific
path. Getting over hurdles. Achieving a goal.
● Using experiences with concepts and categories….
○ Distortions in representations can result in confusions and memory errors, as
also artifacts in reasoning and judgement
Representations
● We have knowledge in different forms
○ People describe their thoughts as being formulated in words, pictures, sounds, or
abstract
● A variety of day-to-day problems seem to require the use of visual imagery
○ How many windows are in your apt?
○ Was David in class yesterday?
○ Will this sweater look good with your blue pants?
● What is the nature of these mental images?
Visual Imagery
● Image-scanning produciré, Kosslyn et al (1978)
○ Memorizing this map
○ Scan from one landmark to another on the imagined map
● The time it took to scan the image corresponded to the distance on the map
● Thus, mental images seem to preserve the spatial layout and geometry of the
represented scene
● Participants answering questions about geography might claim that San Diego CA is
farther west than Reno, NV when in face Reno is farther west
● Bc SD is on the coast and Reno is landlocked
○ This example suggest that spatial information is sometimes
i. Stored in LTM as propositions <— this one is the most right,
sometimes causing a problem in thinking as we saw in the above
example
ii. Stored in STM as iconic representations
iii. Stored in LTM using a perceptual code
iv. Stored in STM using a propositions or iconic representations
○ Perceptual code
Document Summary
Reasoning: what we know and how we perceive from there, basic elements of thinkings, we then use these judgements to make decisions. You look at your options and choose a specific path. Distortions in representations can result in confusions and memory errors, as also artifacts in reasoning and judgement. People describe their thoughts as being formulated in words, pictures, sounds, or abstract. A variety of day-to-day problems seem to require the use of visual imagery. Scan from one landmark to another on the imagined map. The time it took to scan the image corresponded to the distance on the map. Thus, mental images seem to preserve the spatial layout and geometry of the represented scene. Participants answering questions about geography might claim that san diego ca is farther west than reno, nv when in face reno is farther west. Bc sd is on the coast and reno is landlocked.
