NEM 10V Lecture Notes - Lecture 38: Nematology, Reptile, Amniote
Nematology
Vertabrates:
Part 12 Reptilia (snakes):
• Vertebrate colonization of terrestrial habitats increased dramatically with the evolution
of:
1. shelled eggs that resist drying
2. well-developed kidneys that help in the retention of water
3. internal fertilization.
• Reptiles, birds and mammals have an amniote egg.
• Amniotes differ from earlier vertebrates by having internal fertilization, and eggs that
have four membranes.
• Reptiles were the first to have an amniotic egg.
• In reptiles, the shell is soft, pliable, and leathery to touch.
• The eggshell is permeable allowing gases in and out, so the embryo can breath inside the
egg.
• Reptiles are considered the first true land animals with backbones.
• Their outer skin is a tough dry covering with scales that prevents drying out.
• The toes of reptiles have claws, made of keratin like their scales.
• Turtles have shells made of tough plates to protect their bodies.
• Instead of teeth, they have a keratinized beak.
• Reptiles are cold blood ectotherms.
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