CFD 1220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Poisonous Pedagogy
11 Jun 2018
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Chapter 2:
Parenting Patterns and the Impact of Culture and
Context
Child Socialization Patterns of American Parents
• Studies of childrearing patterns in the United States have led to the identification of six
distinct patterns:
o Authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, traditional, indulgent, and indifferent
o The 2 dimensions that distinguish among these 6 Patterns:
▪ Parental responsiveness
▪ Parental demandingness
Authoritative Parents
• Controlling and demanding, but also nurturing and communicative with their children
• Do not expect unquestioned obedience
• Are willing to explain to their children the reasons for expected behavior
• Integrate the needs of the child with those of other family members
Children of Authoritative Parents
• Have more positive outcomes than children reared by authoritarian, permissive,
indulgent, or indifferent parents
• Also have high levels of academic achievement
• Tend to be cooperative with peers, siblings, and adults
• Are higher in psychosocial maturity reasoning ability, empathy, and altruism
• Are less likely to exhibit behavior problems
• Have the highest levels of self-actualization
Authoritarian Parents
• Have relations with their children that are hierarchical rather than democratic
• A main goal of authoritarian parents is to obtain obedience from their children
• They frequently use punishment and/or the threat of punishment
• They often seek to shame their children into compliance
• They also place value on keeping children “in their place,” by restricting children’s
autonomy
Children of Authoritarian Parents
• Tend to be dependent, passive, and conforming, less self-assured, less creative, and less
socially adept than other children
• Are at risk for behavior problems such as substance abuse, crime, and delinquency
• Alice Miller labeled authoritarian beliefs as “the poisonous pedagogy,” saying that:
o “Such beliefs rob children of their human spirit and inhibit their normal
emotional development.”
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