MMW 15 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Mass Society, Totalitarianism, Utopia
17 May 2018
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Lecture 9: Fascism and Communism in Practice – The
Totalitarian Challenge
Combination of terror and consent that defines totalitarianism
❖ Introduction: Totalitarianism, a New Style of Politics
• Defining Totalitarianism
o Method of Rule: Total mobilization behind a single goal
o Extinguishing the Individual
o Terror and Consent
o What made it possible?: The Tools of Mass Society
▪ Homogeneity and dissemination
• Nazi and Stalinist regimes as the fist ajo totalitaia pojets of the th
century
o Mass society = raw material (uniformity) and tools (mass media)
o Totalitarianism = method of rule
o Fascism and communism = (distinct) goals
▪ One is to establish a great nation
▪ The other is to establish a working-class utopia
❖ The Nazi Case
• Consent and Terror in the Road to Power
• 7% of people oted fo the Nazi’s
o Consent:
▪ Election Propaganda
▪ Huge election rallies
▪ Poe ased o gus
o Terror: The SA paramilitary troops
▪ Agaist the ioit that as’t on board
• After 1933: Terror and Consent in the Consolidation of Political Power
o The Enabling Law (1933) (consent)
▪ Parliament basically votes to give up all authority to make laws to
the executive branch for the next 4 years
o Concentration camps for Communists (terror)
▪ Opened in 1933 for communists and socialists
o Culiatio: August 9 ad the Thid Reih
▪ When the president dies and Hitler becomes president and
chancellor
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Document Summary
Lecture 9: fascism and communism in practice the. Combination of terror and consent that defines totalitarianism. 8 million women: ra(cid:272)ial re(cid:272)o(cid:374)st(cid:396)u(cid:272)tio(cid:374): the (cid:862)a(cid:396)(cid:455)a(cid:374)(cid:863) ra(cid:272)e. Impact: re-ordering social relation along racial lines: e(cid:454)(cid:272)lusio(cid:374)/isolatio(cid:374) of (cid:396)a(cid:272)ial (cid:862)othe(cid:396)s(cid:863) (cid:373)ostl(cid:455) je(cid:449)s, pursuit of racial purity in private sphere, re-ordering sexual relations, sterilization, anti-miscegenation (terror, pro-natalism, breeding camps (consent) The soviet case: stalinism and totalitarianism, state industrialization, five year plans. Set unachievable goals to reach in 4 years: results. Minority excluded while the majority is included: political concentration of power, (cid:862)cult of a leade(cid:396)(cid:863, the (cid:862)g(cid:396)eat pu(cid:396)ge(cid:863, stalin fulling concentrated political power in his own hands. 2: state industrialization and collective agriculture are the two main goals, costs/tensions. Union because of totalitarianism: cost of collectivization, mass death and reorganization of rural society. 5-10 million kulaks died from starvation/disease + active war against them. Urbanization: 15% - 1920; 55% - 1940: the cost in the soviet union is much higher than the cost in nazi.
