: psy 226 chapter 3 textbook notes
29 Sep 2022
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Psychoanalytic theorists such as freud and his followers believed that individuals strive to reduce inner tension, keeping internal agitation to a minimum at all costs. Humans are, in their view, irrational and instinctive biological beings. In addition, the frustration experienced because of unsatisfied desires is directly linked with psychopathology. Learning theory, on the other hand, traditionally asserted in its most extreme form that individuals are mere machines and that the study of personality is part of the more general examination of input-output associations or stimulus response bonds. Different and incompatible responses may be called forth by the same situation. Gestalt, phenomenological and other cognitive approaches to personality often start with the assumption that individuals are scientists seeking to understand their world and to fulfill their innate potentials. The model of human behavior proposed by freud reflects two broad theoretical principles: homeostasis and hedonism. The first is drawn from biology, the second from philosophy.
