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SS 2600 Lecture : The Impact of Political Polarization on American Democracy - Essay

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jjvan
17 Feb 2023
School
U of M
Department
Political Science
Course
SS 2600
Professor

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Document Summary

Political polarization has become one of the defining features of american democracy in recent years, with the country becoming increasingly divided along ideological and partisan lines. This polarization has had a profound impact on the political process, from the way that candidates are selected and elected to the functioning of the legislative and executive branches of government. In this essay, we will explore the impact of political polarization on american democracy, including its causes, consequences, and potential solutions. One of the main causes of political polarization is the increasing ideological and cultural differences between urban and rural areas of the country. Additionally, the rise of social media and online news sources has made it easier for people to filter out information that challenges their existing beliefs, further reinforcing existing divisions. The consequences of political polarization are far-reaching and have had a profound impact on american democracy.

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Related Questions

Did colonization bring more advantages to the countries that were colonized?

Unit 2: Historical Globalization: Two Views on Colonization
 
Colonialism in Africa lasted for a period of about eighty years. It began with the mad "Scramble for Africa" at the Berlin Conference in 1884. Major leaders of different European nations came together and agreed to the partition of the entire African continent.
 
Here are two views on colonization in Africa. Review each, summarize each side and state your opinion: Did colonization bring more advantages to the countries that were colonized?
 
Be sure to use vocabulary, concepts and terms from the course to support your thoughts.
 
VIEW ONE
  • The African continent was undeveloped, Europeans brought in opportunities for industrialization and employment
  • Europeans opened Africa up to trade and the benefits of science and civilization, to the invention of the wheel and writing
  • The imperialist nations built roads, railways, electric and telegraph lines in these remote areas
  • Europeans brought the benefits of peace, stability and education
  • When the colonists left, the trouble that followed independence was caused by tribalism and corruption
 
VIEW TWO
  • The continent of Africa was flourishing before the Europeans arrived, just in a different way from European ideals
  • Europeans came looking for loot - they found it in human slaves, many of whom were uprooted and forced to live in the Americas
  • This made Africa poor while Western countries became rich, especially as the slaves helped to support the Industrial Revolution
  • This gave the Europeans a sense of superiority which was interpreted as racial superiority. as this further encouraged more colonialism
  • Europe carved up Africa so it could more easily exploit Africa's mineral wealth

 

Do you want me to send you the whole 24 questions was on the test and tell you which topics they said we got it wrong?  I can try to put it here.  If not I can email it to you.

Here is the 24 questions with my answers.

2/20/2022

Question 1 of 24

You have a Speech service resource.

You need to develop an application that creates real-time captions for audio.

What should you include in the code?

Select only one answer.

1. SpeakerRecognizer

2. KeywordRecognizer

3. SpeechRecognizer

4. SpeechSynthesizer

My Answer is "3. SpeechRecognizer"

Question 2 of 24

You have an application that performs Speech to Text services for users by using the Speech SDK.

You need to add the ability to perform Text to Speech in the application.

Besides the text, which other values should you include in your queries?

Select only one answer.

1. the pronunciation

2. the voice

3. keyword

4. the phrase list

My answer was 1. The Pronunciation

 

Question 3 of 24

You are building a text to speech solution.

You need to ensure that your solution supports different name pronunciations.

What Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) element should you use?

Select only one answer.

1. phoneme

2. mstts:express-as

3.break

4. lang

My answer was 1. Phoneme

Question 4 of 24

You develop an application by using the Speech SDK. The application translates the English language version of podcasts into French and German.

You need to create the code to provide the English version of the podcast for translation.

Which two objects should you add to the code?

Select all answers that apply.

1.  TranslationRecognizer

2. SpeechRecognizer

3. SpeechSynthesizer

4. AutoDetect SourceLanguageConfig

5. SpeechTranslationConfig

My answer is 2. SpeechRecognizer

                      3. SpeechSynthesizer

Question 5 of 24

You have a Azure Video Analyzer for Media service that provides a search interface for video content.

You need to extract what is said in the videos so that it can be translated into other languages.

What should you extract?

Select only one answer.

1. labels

2. brands

3. transcripts

4. keywords

The answer is 3. Transcripts

Question 6 of 24

You build an application that uses Language Understanding.

You need to ensure that the application support speech inputs by using the Speech service.

What should you configure for Language Understanding?

Select only one answer.

1.  Enable the Speech priming setting during model publishing.

2. Add additional utterances to the intents in the model before publishing.

3. Set the endpoint URL parameter verbose to true.

4. Enable the Normalize punctuation setting on the application.

Answer: 1.  Enable the Speech priming setting during model publishing.

Question 7 of 24

You plan to use a Language Understanding container for an application that you previously exported.

Which two values from the underlying Language Understanding resource should you retrieve before you can containerize the application?

Select all answers that apply.

1.  the subscription key

2. the endpoint URI

3. the prediction key

4. the resource location

My Answer: 2. the endpoint URI

4. the resource location

Question 8 of 24

You make a Text Analytics API call.

You call the following URL.

 

You send the following body.

{

  "documents": [

    {

      "id": "1",

      "countryHint":"US",

      "text": "We analyzed text to see what would happen"

    },

    {

      "id": "2",

      "countryHint":"UK",

      "text": "We analysed text to see what would happen"

    },

  ]

}

You receive the following response.

{

  "statistics": {

    "documentsCount": 2,

    "validDocumentsCount": 1,

    "erroneousDocumentsCount": 1,

    "transactionsCount": 1

  },

  "documents": [{

    "id": "1",

    "detectedLanguages": [{

      "name": "English",

      "iso6391Name": "en",

      "score": 1.0

    }],

    "statistics": {

      "charactersCount": 41,

      "transactionsCount": 1

    }

  }],

  "errors": [{

    "id": "2",

    "message": "Country hint is not valid. Please specify an ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 two letter country code."

  }]

}

Which three of the following statements correctly describe the code?

Select all answers that apply.

1.  The text fragment that has ID 1 is identified as English.

2. US is a valid value for countryHint.

3. The document that has countryHint=UK does not generate a billable transaction.

4. UK is a valid value for name.

5. The document that has countryHint=US does not generate a billable transaction.

My answer: 1. The text fragment that has ID 1 is identified as English.

2.  US is a valid value for countryHint.

3. The document that has countryHint=UK does not generate a billable transaction.

Question 9 of 24

You plan to use Text Analytics to detect the language of reviews.

You need to route the reviews that are multi-lingual to a human translator.

Which field in the JSON response should you use to filter records?

Select only one answer.

1. score

2. errors

3. statistics

4. name

My answer: 3. statistics

Question 10 of 24

You develop a product review feature for an international e-commerce application.

When reviews are received by the application, the application posts the reviews to an Azure Cosmos DB database.

You need to develop an Azure Function that uses the Text Analytics API to notify a team when a negative review is posted. The notification must be sent as quickly as possible.

Which two components should you use in the function to identify a negative review?

Select all answers that apply.

1. the Sentiment endpoint

2. an Azure Cosmos DB trigger

3. a schedule triggert

4. he Key Phrase endpoint

5.the Detect Language endpoint

6.an Azure Cosmos DB output

My answer: 1. the Sentiment endpoint

6.an Azure Cosmos DB output

Question 11 of 24

You make a Text Analytics API call.

You call the following URL.

 

You send the following body.

{

  "documents": [

    {

      "language": "en",

      "id": "1",

      "text": "Our tour guide took us up the Space Needle during our trip to Seattle last week."

    }

  ]

}

You receive the following response body.

{

  "statistics": {

    "documentsCount": 1,

    "validDocumentsCount": 1,

    "erroneousDocumentsCount": 0,

    "transactionsCount": 1

  },

  "documents": [{

    "id": "1",

    "score": 0.5,

    "statistics": {

      "charactersCount": 80,

      "transactionsCount": 1

    }

  }],

  "errors": []

}

The text fragment that has ID 1 contains 80 alphanumeric characters.

Select Yes if the statement is true. Otherwise, select No.

Select only one answer.

1. Yes

2. No

My answer is Yes

Question 12 of 24

You are designing a chatbot for a restaurant.

You plan to include a series of questions that will be required to complete a reservation.

What type of dialog should you use?

Select only one answer.

1. Waterfall

2. Prompt

3. QnA Maker

4. Action

My answer was Prompt ( I know you said Qna Maker)

Question 13 of 24

You are building a chatbot by using the Microsoft Bot Framework Composer.

The chatbot will include a dialog that will be used to enter prices of products.

Users will perform an action for the products.

The products and prices will resemble the following:

  • Butter 1.99
  • Bread 1.01
  • Salt 3.50

Which type of recognizer should you use?

Select only one answer.

1. Regex

2. None

3. LUIS

My answer was 3. LUIS

Question 14 of 24

You are building a chatbot that uses the Bot Framework Composer.

You need to collect user contact information.

What should you use to validate the user phone numbers?

Select only one answer.

1. Language Generator

2. Recognizer

3. Trigger

4. Dialog

My answer is 2. Recognizer

Question 15 of 24

You are building a chatbot by using the Microsoft Bot Framework Composer.

You need to test the bot.

What two tools could you use?

Select all answers that apply.

1. Bot Framework CLI

2. Bot Framework Composer

3. Bot Framework SDK

4. Bot Framework Emulator

My answer is

3. Bot Framework SDK

4. Bot Framework Emulator

Question 16 of 24

You are building an Azure Cognitive Search solution.

What should you use to increase the amount of concurrent query requests that can be handled by the solution?

Select only one answer.

1. Replicas

2. Partitions

3. Indexes

4. Pricing tier

My answers 4. Pricing Tier

Question 17 of 24

You have 20,000 PDF documents that must be indexed by using Azure Cognitive Search.

You need to recommend a storage solution for the PDFs.

What should you recommend?

Select only one answer.

1. Azure Storage

2. Microsoft SQL Server

3. Azure Cosmos DB

4. Amazon AWS S3

My answer is s1. Azure Storage

Question 18 of 24

You are building an Azure Cognitive Search solution.

You are defining an index for blog posts.

Searches must query the description field and return the descriptions in search results.

What field options should you select for the description field?

Select only one answer.

1. Retrievable and Searchable

2. Filterable and Searchable

3. Retrievable and Sortable

4. Facetable and Sortable

My answer is 2. Filterable and Searchable

Question 19 of 24

You are building an Azure Cognitive Search solution.

You plan to build an API for a custom skillset.

What data format should you use for the API to accept and return?

Select only one answer.

1. JSON

2. XML

3. YAML

4. HTML

My answer is 1. JSON

Question 20 of 24

You plan to build an Azure Cognitive Search solution that will search images and PDF documents.

Users of the solution will search for text, captions, key phrases, identified objects, or named entities.

Each day, you will need to index and enrich 5,000 images and 10,000 PDFs.

Which type of resource should you create for the planned solution?

Select only one answer.

1. Computer Vision

2. Text Analytics

3. Azure Machine Learning

4.Azure Cognitive Services

My Answer is 1. Computer Vision

Question 21 of 24

You have an Azure Cognitive Search solution.

You need to extract text from PDFs during indexing.

Which skill should you use?

Select only one answer.

1. key phrase extraction

2. content moderation

3. sentiment

4. optical character recognition (OCR)

My Answer is :. optical character recognition (OCR)

Question 22 of 24

You have an Azure Cognitive Search solution.

You have a custom skillset that receives a complex set of fields in a response.

What should you use to simplify and restructure the fields?

Select only one answer.

1. A shaper skill

2. An object projection

3. An indexer

4. A data source

My answer is A. A shaper skill

Question 23 of 24

You have an enrichment pipeline that uses Azure Cognitive Search.

The pipeline ingests Azure Cosmos DB data and identifies key phrases.

The application that generates the data must be able to retrieve key phrases and confidence by querying an API.

What should you use to persist the data?

Select only one answer.

1. a table store

2. a file storea

3.an object store

The correct answer is 3. an Object store

Question 24 of 24

You have an enrichment pipeline in Azure Cognitive Services.

The enrichment pipeline has a custom skill that calls an API.

You need to ensure that all responses from the API are structured consistently.

Which skill should you add to the skillset?

Select only one answer.

1. Merge

2. Shaper

3. ConditionalText

4. Split

My answer is 2. Shaper

 

I would appreciate if you can help me to get this over.  I need 65% to pass and i only got 45%.

Here is what parts I am wrong.

CASE STUDY
DIVESTITURE IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE (DIC) PROJECT
The Divestiture Process
a. Listing of SOEs to be divested
The Government of Ghana provides the Divestiture Implementation Committee (DIC) with a list of enterprises slated for divestiture. DIC opens a file for each such company. All documentation and correspondence prepared or received in
2
connection with the enterprise is placed on this file.
Enterprises listed for divestiture are categorized by the Ministry of Finance (principally on the basis of employee numbers) into small, medium, and large. In most cases, the divestiture of large and medium enterprises is outsourced to consultants. Small enterprises are either outsourced, or divested by DIC.
b. Advertisements
Bid documents are prepared for the particular State Owned Enterprise (SOE), and the SOE is advertised for sale. Adverts should appear in at least 2 leading Ghanaian newspapers each week for 3 consecutive weeks. Adverts may also appear in foreign publications.
c. Bidding
i. Obtaining bid documents
Investors interested in a particular SOE contact the secretariat, and after filling in an application form, paying a non-refundable bid fee (¢1,000 for local investors, and $400 for foreign investors), and signing a confidentiality undertaking, they are provided with the relevant bid documents.
The bid document is made up of
• bid procedures;
• a draft sale and purchase agreement;
• a memorandum containing the profile of the SOE;
• an independent valuation report (¢ 1,000 for local investors, and $300 for foreigners);
• fixed assets valuation report (where sale of assets is the mode of divestiture);
• share valuation report (where sale of shares is the mode of divestiture).
ii. Form of bids
Investors bids should comprise of a qualification statement made up of
1. Details about the bidder, including (as relevant):
a. the bidder's full name, address and contact details;
b. details of the bidder's directors and shareholders;
c. details of the bidder's existing business;
d. financial periods; and
2. The bidder's business plan for the enterprise, including, by way of example:
3
a. plans for the development of the enterprise (with regard to both its rehabilitation and, as relevant, down-sizing of expansion) and the timing of the implementation of those plan;
b. intentions with regard to employment, proposed staff training programmes and proposals for staff participation in the enterprise;
c. marketing approach and initiatives proposed for the enterprise, including export prospects and anticipated opportunities to expand beyond traditional or existing markets;
d. impact on the local community (particularly where the enterprise has traditionally provided social services and/or infrastructure);
e. impact on competition and the regulatory environment; and
f. environment impact;
3. Confirmation that the offer for the assets or, as the case may be, shares of the
enterprise is not subject to any conditions;
a. any important points of principles arising from the draft sale and purchase agreement; and
b. confirmation that the bidder will comply with the bid procedures.
c. The bid procedures must state the requisite contents of the business plan as specifically and clearly as is possible in the circumstances. The details mentioned in 3 above will not be applicable to all enterprises.
4. A price bid.
a. the price offered for the assets or, as the case may be, shares of the enterprise (clearly indicating the proposed currency of payment);
b. if the offer is not on the basis of cash in full on completion, the precise timing of any deferred payments;
c. in the event of deferred payments, details of the security proposed to be given;
d. a detailed explanation of how the bidder intends to finance the acquisition. In the case of an offer made from existing resources, the bidder will be expected to provide written confirmation from its bank or financial adviser that the necessary funds will be available.
In the case of an offer not made from existing resources, the bidder will be expected to provide written confirmation from its arrangers or providers of finance that arrangements have been made, or will be made, to provide the necessary finance; and
5. Confirmation that the bidder has not done, and will not do, at any time any of
the following:
4
a. communicated to a person other than DIC the amount or approximate amount of the price offered (other than in confidence to the bidder's advisers);
b. entered into any arrangement with any other person that he shall refrain from bidding or as to the amount of any price to be offered;
c. offered or agreed to pay or give, or paid or given, any valuable consideration directly or indirectly to any person for doing or having done, or causing or having caused to be done, any act or omission in relation to the price offered by the bidder or any other bid
.
iii. Evaluation of Bids
This is a two stage process:
• evaluation of qualification statements; and
• comparison of price bids.
DIC opens price bids from only bidders whose qualification statements DIC accepts. In the event of equal price bids, preference is given to Ghanaians.
iv. Rejection of bids :
Bids will be rejected on the following grounds:
• received after closing date and time;
• appropriate fee not paid;
• received from person who canvassed DIC member; and
• received from SOE or a body allied to an SOE.
Exceptions under which bids may be accepted include where the assets concerned comprise non-industrial land and buildings, with no on-going business, and the bidding SOE requires additional office accommodation.
d. Negotiations
DIC will write to the winning bidder, and each other bidder, to inform them of the results of the bid.
Negotiations will then start with the winning bidder. Should he fail to satisfy DIC demands, the next highest conforming bidder will be invited to negotiate.
e. Approvals
After DIC Secretariat has agreed the terms of the sale with the winning bidder, the divestiture will be considered by the DIC members.
DIC members, if they are satisfied with the sale, will submit a letter of
5
recommendation to the President's Office for approval.
If either DIC or the President's Office raises concerns concerning the bid, a letter is sent to the bidder and further negotiations may take place.
If the President's Office grants the approval, DIC will send a letter to the bidder inviting him to sign the sale and purchase documentation. The Executive Secretary of DIC will sign on behalf of DIC and the government.
f. Payments
i. Mode of Finance
This could either be with
• investors own resource. or
• loan from a financial institution (DIC may take security over the asset until full payment is received).
In the case of instalments, for some loans, interest is paid on the diminishing balance.
ii. Terms of Payment
Payment could either be
• outright, or
• by instalments.
iii. Payment timing
• payment of less than 50% of the price offered; or
• deferred payment due 3 years after completion.
DIC prefers outright payment, but will consider deferred payment. Deferred considerations should be secured by a guarantee from a bank or other person of sufficient financial standing. If such guarantee is not available, DIC may consider taking security over the assets or, shares of the enterprise until full payment is received.
iv. Interest
Interest on deferred payments is as follows:
• Ghanaians: relevant Ghanaian Treasury Bill Rate
• Non Ghanaians: relevant London Interbank Offer Rate plus 2%.
v. Divestiture Proceeds
This will be paid to the appropriate DIC bank account.
The Proposed System
The Board of Directors of DIC has received funding from Government of Ghana
6
to commission the development of a robust and user-friendly web-based system that DIC will use for its operations.
REQUIRED:

1. Discuss the system development methodology that you would adopt for this project and justify your choice.
2. Construct data flow diagrams (including a context level diagram, a level 0 diagram, and several child diagrams) that show important, representative parts of the Divestiture Implementation Committee (DIC) System.
3. Identify five data files that will be used in the Divestiture Implementation Committee (DIC) System; and construct a comprehensive Data Dictionary for each of the five data files you have identified.
4. Construct use-case diagrams, sequence diagrams, and class diagrams for the proposed Divestiture Implementation Committee (DIC) System.
5. Construct object diagrams, activity diagrams and communication diagrams for the proposed Divestiture Implementation Committee (DIC) System.
6. Design five reports that should be generated from the Divestiture Implementation Committee (DIC) System.
7. Discuss the testing strategies/techniques that you would use on this project; and provide a table of test criteria and corresponding test data for the testing.