CMB 311 Study Guide - Amino Acid, Nitrogen Fixation, Glutamine
Document Summary
Both contain nitrogen arising from common biological sources. Many genetic diseases traced to nucleotide or amino acid metabolism. Only certain bacteria and archaea are capable of nitrogen fixation and many form symbiotic relationships with leguminous plants. Nonstandard amino acids: amino acids that occurs naturally in cells but do not participate in peptide synthesis. Some are constituents of peptides, but are generated by modification of standard amino acids. One big difference between the molecules we have discussed so far (carbs, fats) and amino acids is the amino group. What is transamination to alpha-ketoglutarate-glutamate ? amino group transfer: amino acid a-keto acid. Most amino acids pass their amino groups through glutamate. Transamination of glutamine results in formation of the corresponding -keto acid, namely, Deamination of glutamate is catalyzed by gdh . Ammonia: nh4+ (as ammonium ion) alkaline, raises ph, too much is toxic, excretion requires high h2o loss. Uric acid: low solubility, excretion can occur with low h2o loss.
