ANAT 102 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Positive Feedback, Motor System, Vomiting

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blackchimpanzee965

19 Sep 2016

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Autonomic nervous system: compare the structure and functional differences between the somatic and the autonomic parts of the nervous system. Pns is divided into somatic nervous system (sns) and autonomic nervous system (ans) Sns: response is always excitation uses sensory (tactile, pain, thermal, proprioceptive sensations and special senses) and motor neurons (skeletal muscles for voluntary and reflexive response: uses one myelinated axon (ach is neurotransmitter) Ans: cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, glands/ visceral organs: describe the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system. Preganglionic neuron: cell body in cns, synapses on autonomic ganglion in pns: myelinated, thoracic and lumbar region in sympathetic, cervical and sacral region in parasympathetic. Cholinergic: release ach: all sympathetic & parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, few sympathetic postganglionic neurons - mostly sweat glands, all parasympathetic postganglionic neurons. Adrenergic: release norepinephrine (ne: be able to describe the neurotransmitters and receptors involved in autonomic responses.

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1. The autonomicnervous system consists of a _________ neuron chain that branchesinto the periphery. <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

2. There are twodivisions of the ANS, the parasympathetic and the sympathetic. Theparasympathetic division __________ body energy requirements and ismost active during________________. The sympathetic divisiongenerally enables the body to use stored energy and is activeduring ______________.

3. Compared to thesomatic nervous system, the first neuron in the ANS is ___________myelinated. The second order neuron is generally un____________.

4. The second orderneuron in the chain that innervates the adrenal glands is reallythe release of NE and Epi into the ____________________.

5. The __________nerve is the parasympathetic branch that innervates the heart aswell as a majority of other visceral organs.

6. The first orderneuron in the ANS chain almost always releases ________________into the synapse. The NTs released from the second order neurons ofthe sympathetic division are usually ________________ and___________________, while the second order neuron of the PNSusually releases _____________________.

7. Theparasympathetic division is sometimes called the _______________division because of the location from which the nerves arise.

8. The sympatheticdivision is sometimes called the _______________ division becauseof the location from which the nerves arise.

9. Which nervecarries about 90% of all parasympathetic traffic?

10. Most tissues/organs arecontinuously innervated by the ANS, that is, they have ____________tone.

11. The ANS regulatesunconscious processes that maintain _____________________, a termcoined by Walter Canon.

12. List and understand thethree different routes for preganglionic neurons in the sympatheticbranch.

13. Compare and contrast theneuronal divergence (pre- to postganglionic neurons) of the PNS andthe SNS. What does this mean? How does the adrenal gland and itmedullary secretions affect these contrasting effects?

14. The ganglions in the PNSare __________ to the effector organs than the ganglions in theSNS. Considering myelination, how does this affect speed oftransmission between the two systems?

15. List the receptor typesfor Ach and NE. Which are usually excitatory, inhibitory orboth?

16. The smooth muscle aroundthe blood vessels is innervated by the sympathetic branch of theANS. What occurs to dilate those vessels?

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ANAT 102 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Positive Feedback, Motor System, Vomiting

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