ID 24011- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 63 pages long!)

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orangecoyote487

28 Mar 2018

School

Kent State University

Department

Interior Design

Course

ID 24011

Professor

John

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Document Summary

Id must perform a function: built elements must be tested, the function performed must have specified performance qualities. Place vs. space: place is designed with the intent to occupy people, space is designed with the intent to hold the inanimate, digital, and unoccupiable domain. Concealment vs. celebration: concealment of systems is the intentional covering of mechanical, electrical ,plumbing, structural, and lighting conduit. Infiltration: light (glare, air (heat, water (roof assemblies, moisture (wall assemblies, organic matter (mold, roots, pests, smoke, fire, sound. In the usa, buildings account for 41% of our total energy use and 65% of our electrical use. Is nonrenewable since the uranium needed to start and maintain the reaction for fission are finite and rare. Is capable of contaminating soil, air, water sources, and those who work in close proximity. In recent years there has been a major turn away from nuclear power after lessons learned from past meltdowns.

Related Questions

Governmental Budgeting and Accounting

This mini-case covers a number of the major concepts that wehave covered in class this semester. Specifically, the examrequires you to perform a break-even analysis with a weightedaverage contribution margin, prepare a quarterly operating budget,and consider a capital investment using the net present valuetechnique. The answers are cumulative. You cannot skip anysection and do the next.

You may make whatever assumptions you think are necessary toanswer any question. If needed, be sure to state every assumptionexplicitly. Turn in your answers in this Word document along withthe supporting calculations in Excel spreadsheets.

All of the information that you need to answer a given questionis provided in the text that immediately precedes the question andthe answers to the questions that precede it. Read the entireproblem set before you begin. Make sure you understand thequestions before answering them!

Santa Fe Museum of Southwestern Art

The Santa Fe Museum of Southwestern Art (SFMSA) presentsrotating exhibits of the works of artists and artisans from theSouthwestern United States. Historically, the museum has derivedits support from three sources: grants, annual memberships, andvisitor revenues. For the 2017 fiscal year, SFMSA knows that itwill receive $495,000 in grants from various sources. It alsoexpects 1,375 people to be supporting members of the museum. Onaverage, supporting members give SFMSA $105.75 per year. You canthink of the support from grants and memberships as Fixed Revenues.The museum expects the following mix of visitors during 2017, eachpaying the amount shown in the right column of the schedule.

Type of Visitor	Percent of Total	Price
Regular	60%	$6.00
Group	18%	$3.00
Senior Citizen	12%	$2.00
Student	10%	$1.00

SFMSA has $965,000 of fixed expenses each year. In addition, themuseum spends an average of $0.62 per visitor for handouts thatdescribe the exhibits on display. SFMSA estimates that it hasvariable electric costs of $0.10 per visitor. Plus, the museumoffers each visitor the option of receiving an audio recordingwhich describes the featured exhibit of the month. Visitors areallowed to keep the recording as a memento of their visit.Historically, these recordings have cost the museum $1.30 per copyto produce and replicate. On average, 25% of the people visitingthe museum have taken advantage of the free audio recordingoffer.

Problem 1. The Directorof the museum has asked you to tell her the minimum number of totalvisitors that must come to the museum each year in order for SFMSAto break even. Using the information given above, what is SFMSAâsbreak-even visitor volume? (40 points)

Because of Santa Feâs location in themountains of New Mexico, the museum tends to have a seasonalpattern to its visitor flow with proportionally more peoplevisiting SFMSA in the summer than in the winter. In addition,revenue from grants and memberships tend to flow into the museumunevenly throughout the year. The seasonal flow of visitor, grantsand membership revenues is distributed throughout the year asfollows:

P11.1021 Summer Session - Replacement Assignment Number5

	Quarter 1	Quarter 2	Quarter 3	Quarter 4
Visitors	20%	25%	40%	15%
Membership Revenue	40%	20%	20%	20%
Grant revenue	25%	50%	10%	15%

Weighted Average Price per ticket = (Weight of Regularvisitor in total tickets sold x Price of ticket) + (Weight of Groupvisitors in total tickets sold x Price of ticket) + (Weight ofSenior Citizen visitor in total tickets sold x Price of ticket) +(Weight of Student visitor in total tickets sold x Price ofticket)

=> (0.6 x $6) + (0.18 x $3) + (0.12 x $2) + (0.10 x$1) = $4.48 per ticket

Variable cost per visitor = Cost of handouts + variableelectric costs + (Cost of audio recording x 25%)

=> $0.62 + $0.10 + ($1.30 x 25%) =$1.045

Contribution per ticket = Selling Price â Variable cost=> $4.48 - $1.045 = $3.435

Total Fixed Cost = $965,000
Fixed Revenues = Grant + Membership Revenue => $495,000 +($105.75 x 1,375) = $640,406.25

Remaining Fixed cost = $965,000 - $640,406.25 =$324,593.75

Break-even point = Fixed cost / Contribution perticket

=> $324,593.75 / $3.435 = 94,495.99 or94,496

So, total 94,496 tickets with stated percentage ofvisitor type are required to break-even.

Fixed expenses are distributed evenly throughout the year i.e.25% per quarter. The museumâs marketing director forecasts that82,000 people will visit the museum during fiscal year 2017.

SFMSAâs Director of Marketing has convinced the ExecutiveDirector that a museum shop can be operated profitably in a smallspace just off the main entrance. She agrees and the shop isscheduled to open on April 1, 2017, the first day of the secondquarter. The Marketing Director estimates that 5% of the people whovisit the museum will make purchases from the shop. Based on hisexperience, he expects the average purchase to be $50. SFMSAâsBusiness Manager estimates that the cost-of-goods-sold will be 75%of the museum-shopâs sales revenue. The shop will be staffed byvolunteers at no cost to SFMSA.

Problem 2. Using theinformation above, prepare a properly formatted operating budgetfor SFMSA for each of the four quarters in fiscal year 2017 andsummarize the budget for the full year. (45 points)

SFMSA has just been approached by the Curator of SpecialExhibits at the Smithsonian Museum. The Smithsonian has offered tolend SFMSA a rare collection of nineteenth century Navajo crafts.The collection would remain at the museum for a five-year periodafter which it would be returned to the Navajo nation. To house theexhibit, SFMSA will have to upgrade its environmental and securitysystems at a one-time cost of $300,000. This is the only cashoutflow associated with the decision.

Since this may be the last time that this collection will beexhibited in its entirety, the Executive Director is enthusiasticabout the impact that it will have on visitor volume and thereputation of the museum. The Marketing Director forecasts that 900incremental visitors are likely to be drawn to the museum eachmonth that the exhibit is at SFMSA.

The director wants you to tell her if the exhibit is financiallyself-sufficient or if she will need to get a grant to support it.You know that SFMSAâs cost of capital is 8%. You also know themarginal contribution generated by each incremental visitor to themuseum from your work on the break-even analysis. Do not count onany gift shop purchases from the incremental visitors.

Problem 3. What do youtell her? Can SFMSA afford to show the exhibit based solely on themarginal contribution from incremental visitors? If the exhibit isnot financially self-sufficient, how large a grant will SFMSA needto get to meet the projected shortfall? Support your recommendationand present your findings in a way that the director willunderstand. (40 points)

I have answered problem 1, the answer is in bold. I need helpanswering problem 2 and 3.

carmineox474

NIKE:

Need the following ratios to be calculated using the financial sheets copied at the bottom. Each ratio needs to be calculated using the information from 2016. Each ratio also needs to be broken down and illustrated by the step by step process. Finally, please include any and all observations for each ratio and analysis.

1) Common Size analysis

2) Common size vertical analysis & graph

3) Current Ratio

4) Quick Ratio

5) Cash Ratio

6) Inventory Turnover

7) Receivables Turnover

8) Total Asset Turnover

9) Fixed Asset Turnover

10) Gross profit margin

11) Operating Profit margin

12) Net profit margin

13) Return on total assets

14) return on equity

15) basic earning power

16) Deb/net worth ratio

17) debt ratio

18) DuPont System

19) Times-interest-earned

Balance Sheet:

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions	May 31, 2017	May 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and equivalents	$ 3,808	$ 3,138
Short-term investments	2,371	2,319
Accounts receivable, net	3,677	3,241
Inventories	5,055	4,838
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,150	1,489
Total current assets	16,061	15,025
Property, plant and equipment, net	3,989	3,520
Identifiable intangible assets, net	283	281
Goodwill	139	131
Deferred income taxes and other assets	2,787	2,422
TOTAL ASSETS	23,259	21,379
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	6	44
Notes payable	325	1
Accounts payable	2,048	2,191
Accrued liabilities	3,011	3,037
Income taxes payable	84	85
Total current liabilities	5,474	5,358
Long-term debt	3,471	1,993
Deferred income taxes and other liabilities	1,907	1,770
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable preferred stock	0	0
Shareholdersâ equity:
Capital in excess of stated value	8,638	7,786
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(213)	318
Retained earnings	3,979	4,151
Total shareholdersâ equity	12,407	12,258
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERSâ EQUITY	23,259	21,379
Class A Convertible Common Stock
Shareholdersâ equity:
Common stock at stated value	0	0
Class B Common Stock
Shareholdersâ equity:
Common stock at stated value	$ 3	$ 3

Income Statement:

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	May 31, 2017	May 31, 2016	May 31, 2015
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 34,350	$ 32,376	$ 30,601
Cost of sales	19,038	17,405	16,534
Gross profit	15,312	14,971	14,067
Demand creation expense	3,341	3,278	3,213
Operating overhead expense	7,222	7,191	6,679
Total selling and administrative expense	10,563	10,469	9,892
Interest expense (income), net	59	19	28
Other (income) expense, net	(196)	(140)	(58)
Income before income taxes	4,886	4,623	4,205
Income tax expense	646	863	932
NET INCOME	$ 4,240	$ 3,760	$ 3,273
Earnings per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 2.56	$ 2.21	$ 1.90
Diluted (in dollars per share)	2.51	2.16	1.85
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.70	$ 0.62	$ 0.54

Cash Flow Sheet

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2017	May 31, 2016	May 31, 2015
Cash provided by operations:
Net income	$ 4,240	$ 3,760	$ 3,273
Income charges (credits) not affecting cash:
Depreciation	706	649	606
Deferred income taxes	(273)	(80)	(113)
Stock-based compensation	215	236	191
Amortization and other	10	13	43
Net foreign currency adjustments	(117)	98	424
Changes in certain working capital components and other assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable	(426)	60	(216)
(Increase) in inventories	(231)	(590)	(621)
(Increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets	(120)	(161)	(144)
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable, accrued liabilities and income taxes payable	(364)	(889)	1,237
Cash provided by operations	3,640	3,096	4,680
Cash used by investing activities:
Purchases of short-term investments	(5,928)	(5,367)	(4,936)
Maturities of short-term investments	3,623	2,924	3,655
Sales of short-term investments	2,423	2,386	2,216
Investments in reverse repurchase agreements	0	150	(150)
Additions to property, plant and equipment	(1,105)	(1,143)	(963)
Disposals of property, plant and equipment	13	10	3
Other investing activities	(34)	6	0
Cash used by investing activities	(1,008)	(1,034)	(175)
Cash used by financing activities:
Net proceeds from long-term debt issuance	1,482	981	0
Long-term debt payments, including current portion	(44)	(106)	(7)
Increase (decrease) in notes payable	327	(67)	(63)
Payments on capital lease and other financing obligations	(17)	(7)	(19)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and other stock issuances	489	507	514
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements	177	281	218
Repurchase of common stock	(3,223)	(3,238)	(2,534)
Dividends â common and preferred	(1,133)	(1,022)	(899)
Cash used by financing activities	(1,942)	(2,671)	(2,790)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents	(20)	(105)	(83)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents	670	(714)	1,632
Cash and equivalents, beginning of year	3,138	3,852	2,220
CASH AND EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR	3,808	3,138	3,852
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest, net of capitalized interest	98	70	53
Income taxes	703	748	1,262
Non-cash additions to property, plant and equipment	266	252	206
Dividends declared and not paid	$ 300	$ 271	$ 240

Creat Testable Question?

Not all questions are testable!!

A testable question asks. . .

"What is the effect of the Independent Variable on the Dependent Variable?"

Creat a Hypothesis?

A hypothesis is a prediction of the outcome of the lab. Your prediction is based on your understanding of the scientific concept.

It answers your testable question. Use the following pattern:

IF the (IV- how it is changing), then the DV- how you think it will change), BECAUSE (why do you think this is happening.

Example- If the IV increases, then the DV will decrease because....

6.Creat a Procedures ?

Procedures are a list of materials used in the experiment and the steps in performing the experimental part. Procedures are the recipe you follow in order to perform the experiment. Write these in order, in paragraph form, and using your own words. Do not simply copy and paste from the student lab guide.

7. Creat Data Table ?

Data is recorded during the procedures. You need to a data collection table for your experiment. Below is an example Data collection table. you need your own collection table using labels with the names of your variables and the correct units you are measuring.

{Insert name of Independent Variable} (insert units)

{Insert name of Dependent Variable} (insert units)

Average { Insert name of Dependent Variable }(insert units)

Trial 1 *

Trial 2 *

Trial 3*

Control

{Insert Treatment 1 Name}

{Insert Treatment 2 Name}

{Insert Treatment 3 Name}

Project Guide

Introduction from Vernier

Almost all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms are catalyzed by enzymes. Enzymes are globular proteins, responsible for most of the chemical activities of living organisms. They act as catalysts, substances that reduce activation energy, or the energy it takes to get a reaction started. Enzymes are not destroyed or altered during the process. They are extremely efficient and may be used over and over again. One enzyme may catalyze thousands of reactions every second. Many factors in a cell's environment, like temperature, pH, concentration and salinity, affect the action of an enzyme. Changes in these conditions may change the shape of the enzyme making it useless, a process called denaturation. In this investigation, you will conduct an experiment to determine the effect of a variable on an enzyme catalyzed reaction.

In every cell of the body, hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂, is produced as a waste product. However, hydrogen peroxide kills living cells. Although H₂O₂ is toxic to most living organisms, many organisms are capable of enzymatically destroying the H₂O₂ before it can do much damage. H₂O₂ can be converted to oxygen and water, as follows.

2H₂O₂ â 2H₂O + O₂

Because your liver is responsible for detoxifying your blood, your liver cells contain a lot of catalase to break down H₂O₂ into harmless H₂O and O₂. Yeast cells also contain catalase, so we will use them as an easy and inexpensive source of catalase in this lab.

When the H₂O₂ encounters the yeast catalase, it bubbles, as the gaseous O₂ escapes. We will measure the amount of O₂ being produced using a gas pressure sensor. The more O₂ that is produced, the greater the pressure in the tube will become. An increase in pressure tells us that the catalase is effective at breaking down the H₂O₂.

The results of your experiment will be shared in an experiment report due week 15. This lab gives you hands on practice with the Vernier sensors. Use of the sensors will be required in other courses for the Natural Sciences Degree Program. The hands on procedure is detailed step by step below.

After reading through the direction make sure to watch the video showing the procedure in action.

Safety Precautions

Make sure to wear safety goggles. Keep a close eye on your pressures and make sure your gas sensor does not get wet (this will ruin the sensor)

Lab Materials

1 Vernier LabQuest

1 Vernier Gas pressure sensor w/ tubing set

1 Vernier Logger Pro (installed on computer)

1 Lab goggle (from HOL kit)

10 mL graduated cylinder (from HOL kit)

200 mL beaker (from HOL kit)

Tap water

4 cups (any kind)

1 Bottle FRESH 3% H₂O₂ (hydrogen peroxide)

3 18 x 150mm test tubes)

1 Test tube rack (create using cardboard, legos etc.)

1 packet of yeast

3 pipets (from HOL kit)

1 Thermometer (any kitchen or medical thermometer will work)

IMPORTANT NOTES:

You must use fresh hydrogen peroxide and yeast for this lab to yield decent results. Yeast can be bought at any grocery store (look at the expiration date closely) and hydrogen peroxide can be bought at any pharmacy or grocery store. You should buy a couple of packs of yeast in case you make an error in preparing the yeast solution If peroxide is kept in the refrigerator, it must be brought to room temperature before the lab.

Set out a large container of water so the water equilibrates to room temperature overnight.

Make sure you are using metric units on your thermometer. You can always run conversions from Fahrenheit to Celsius.

You must run a test on the catalase (yeast) to make sure that the yeast suspension is at the right concentration/activity before testing it with your independent variable. You should prepare the solution when you are ready to test your independent variable. The solution will serve as your control in the experiment

To make yeast suspension as seen in the included video, add the following into a cup :

100 ml warm water (37-40C, but no hotter or the yeast will die or enzymes will denature).

1 packet of yeast (approx 7g)

1 packet of sugar (the little packets they give at restaurants) (or make a 2% sugar solution by adding 4 g sugar to 250 ml water, then add a packet of yeast to 100 ml of this solution. You can use your scale provided in the HOL kit to weigh the sugar)

Let the solution sit for 10 minutes before testing.

Follow lab procedure steps 1 & 2. Add 2 drops of the yeast suspension and measure following lab procedure steps 4-9. (Make sure to read the lab steps before adding the yeast suspension. It is time sensitive and must be measured quickly after being dropped in the test tube.)

The room temperature reaction with two drops of suspension should produce around 130 kPa (1.3 atm) in 40-60 seconds. Pressures above 130 kPA will cause the stoppers to pop off. Pressures above 210 kPA may damage the sensor so keep a close eye on your numbers!

If your numbers are too high, add more warm water, to dilute the suspension. Start by adding a small increment of water (10 mL) and repeat the test. Continue adding water until you reach 130kPa in 40-60 seconds.

If the solution isn't strong enough, add 1 more drop to the test tube (3 drops instead of 2 for example). Continue to increase the number of drops until you get results near 130 kPA after 1 minute. Record the number of drops needed and use that number of drops as the control for the experiment. *With the exception of enzyme concentration, that will be the number needed for each test tube. If you are doing your experiment on enzyme concentration and it for example it takes 4 drops instead of 2 you will need to double the number of drops for all of your concentrations.

Variables:

You can modify this lab to test the effect of enzyme concentration, temperature, sugar source, enzyme source or salinity. Choose 1 independent variable to test. Below are lists of variables and some ideas on how to test them:

Enzyme: With 3ml H₂O₂ and 3ml H₂O in each tube, add 1 drop of enzyme suspension. Repeat with different numbers of drops. Make sure none of the enzyme solution touches the sides of the test tube and mix before measuring. These must be measured quickly after the drops have been added.

Temperature: With 3ml H₂O₂ and 3ml H₂O in each tube, add 2 drops of enzyme suspension. Fill cups with water of different temperatures. Set each test tube in the water for 5 minutes before recording data.

Salinity: With 3ml H₂O₂ and 3ml H₂O in each tube, add 2 drops of enzyme suspension. Add drops of 1M NaCl. To make 1M NaCL, dissolve 58.44grams of table salt in 1 liter of water. Repeat with different numbers of drops. These will also need to be measure quickly after the enzyme and NaCL solution are added.

Sugar source: Make the yeast suspensions with various types of sugars (brown sugar, granulated, powdered, glucose, fructose, lactose, etc). Measure quickly after yeast suspension is added to test tubes.

If you have an idea for another variable not on this list that you would like to test, please send me a message for pre-approval.

Procedure

Place test tubes in a rack and label them 1, 2, 3 etc. You can improvise a rack by cutting holes in a cardboard box. You just need something that will keep the test tubes vertical and easy to distinguish.

Add 3 mL of 3.0% H2O₂ and 3 mL of tap water to each test tube (Use a plastic pipet/dropper to easily dispense the water and H2O₂âdon't mix up the pipets!).

Conduct your experiment according to which variable you have chosen to test. Make sure to follow the time guidance for each variable as directed on page 3. For example if you were testing temperature you would place your tubes in water of different temperatures (pictured below), for salinity you would add drops of saline solution etc. If you have questions about how to test your chosen variable please send me a message.

To collect data connect the plastic tubing to the valve on the gas pressure sensor.

Connect the sensor to CH1 on the LabQuest.

Connect your Lab Quest to your computer. (You can conduct this experiment just using the Lab Quest but it is nice to use Logger Pro because you can easily export the graphs and tables for use in your report. ) Turn on Logger Pro (cd included with Vernier equipment, very easy to install on your computer and generates great graphics for your report)

In Logger Pro click Open â Experiments â Biology w Vernier â(Pressure)Enzyme.cmbl

Once Logger Pro is open to the Pressure Enzyme lab you should have all the lab settings pre-set so that the sensor will collect for the correct duration of time.

Turn the LabQuest on.

For your control, add 2 drops (or more depending on calibration) of the enzyme solution and put the stopper on the tube and GENTLY swirl the tube to mix the contents.

Start data collection by pressing the green play icon on your computer screen. The test will run for 180 seconds.

Disconnect the stopper from the test tube. Rinse out the test tube and leave it to dry.

Processing the DATA

There are several options for processing the Data. I recommend running through the steps listed in the experiment procedure on the Lab Quest. You can also follow the steps below to analyze the slope. The slope, m, tells us the pressure generated every minute, so the units would be kPa per minute, or kPa/min. Kilopascals, or kPa, are just a unit of pressure; you may have heard of other units of pressure like pounds per square inch (PSI) in car tires or atmospheres (atm) or millimeters of mercury (mmHG) for weather pressure. For example, if m is 0.00376 our rate of gas production is 0.00376 kPa/min. The larger the slope, the more oxygen is generated and the more active the enzyme is at those conditions.

Choose Curve Fit from the Analyze menu. Check mark Pressure.

Choose Linear Fit to get an equation in the form y=mx+b

Record the slope of the line, m, in your data table. Select OK.

Store the data from the first run.

Repeat steps 2-16 for each of your treatments.

Tap Run 3. Select All Runs. All three runs will now be on the same graph.

ID 24011- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 63 pages long!)

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