BIOL 1201 : Bio Exam 2 Notes
Document Summary
What is energy: capacity to do work. Energy flow on earth: energy input from the sun. How does energy flow in chemical reactions: chemical reaction-forming and breaking chemical bonds among atoms, reactants (substrates): starting materials, products: result of the reaction. How is cellular energy carried between coupled reactions: phosphorylation and atp. Synthesis of atp: readily available energy: need adp plus energy plus phosphate to make atp (never uses the full energy) Breakdown of atp: releasing energy for work: atp breaks down and releases energy and the phosphate which then goes back to adp (all these processes are controlled by enzymes) Glucose breakdown into carbon dioxide plus water plus heat. Amino acids go through endergonic reaction to make protein (peptide bond) Metabolism: sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell (exergonic plus endergonic reactions give you metabolism, metabolic pathway: series of reactions linked in a sequence.
