BIOL 2051 : Metabolism Study Guide (Exam 2)

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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Coupled reaction in which an electron donor transfers electrons to an electron acceptor; donor is oxidized and acceptor is reduced. Nad+ accepts an electron from a substrate via enzyme 1 (e. g. isocitrate dehydrogenase) and picks up hydrogen, becoming nadh. The nadh can then be used with enzyme 2. Nadh donates an electron to a substrate on enzyme 2 (e. g. glutamate dehydrogenase) and loses hydrogen, becoming nad+. The nad+ then cycles back to be used be used with enzyme 1. Syntrophy: cooperative relationship in which the microorganisms work together to degrade a compound. Glycolysis generates 2 atp through substrate level phosphorylation. Pyruvate is converted into various fermentation products, which is important because this regenerates nad+: describe alcohol fermentation. In alcohol fermentation, the pyruvate created from glycolysis is converted into co2 (lost), ethanol nad is regenerated. Beer production: describe homolactic fermentation of glucose. Glycolysis converts glucose to 2 pyruvate followed by lactate dehydrogenase converting each pyruvate to lactate to regenerate nad+.

Related Questions

Fill in the blank with either the word reduce/reduced or oxize/oxidized in the appropriate blank

The primary purpose of glycolysis is to ____________________ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in a coupled reaction that fuels ATP synthesis. The final product pyruvate is later removed from the cell as waste in either the ____________________ form of lactate or the ____________________ form of CO2 depending on the availability of an inorganic electron acceptor. A primary purpose of fermentation is to ____________________ NADH+ in order to support continuing glycolysis in the absence of oxygen. However, when oxygen is present NADH+ will serve as the initial electron donor to the respiratory chain and become ____________________ by the NADH dehydrogenase complex. Membrane-bound quinones shuttle electrons between a(n) ____________________ NADH dehydrogenase complex and a(n) ____________________ cytochrome C complex with a higher reduction potential. As a final electron acceptor of the respiratory chain, oxygen is ____________________ to form water

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taupealpaca895

Which of the following is common to both aerobic and anaerobicmicrobes?

	Fermentation
	An electron transport chain
	Pyruvate oxidation
	Glycolysis
	All of the above

The primary purpose of catabolism is

	generation of ADP.
	generation of ATP.
	oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺.
	degradation of organic molecules.
	biosynthesis.

What is a fate of pyruvate during alcoholic fermentation byyeast?

	It is reduced to lactic acid.
	It is oxidized to form glucose and carbon dioxide
	It is cleaved to form acetylaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
	It is catabolized in glycolysis.
	It is oxidized to form lactic acid and carbon dioxide.

Electrons needed to reduce an oxidized electron acceptor areprovided by

	a) externally provided compounds such asH<sub>2</sub>, lactate or formate.
	b) an intermediate electron carrier such as NADH.
	c) 0<sub>2</sub>.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

How are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respirationsimilar?

	Both use oxygen as a terminal electron carrier.
	These are other names for glycolysis.
	Both utilize inorganic molecules as terminal electronacceptors.
	Neither receives electrons from glycolysis.
	Anaerobic respiration does not exist in microbes.

The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) topyruvate

	a) releases CO<sub>2</sub>.
	b) involves the conversion of ADP and ATP.
	c) involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
	d) Both a and b
	e) Both b and c

Which of the following is the best definition offermentation?

	The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid
	The complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ andH₂O
	The oxidation of a carbohydrate with organic molecules servingas electron donors and acceptors
	The production of ATP from glucose
	The production of ethanol from glucose

A reaction that yields energy has a

	positive ?G_o?.
	negative ?G_o?.
	positive ?E_o?.
	negative ?E_o?.
	negative ?H_o?.

Oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupledbecause

	a) electrons generally accompany protons.
	b) protons generally accompany protons.
	c) electrons cannot exist free in solution.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

10.

Which of the following is true of aerobic respiration?

	It involves the reduction of oxygen.
	It involves the oxidation of oxygen.
	It involves the reduction of lactic acid.
	It involves the oxidation of lactic acid.
	It does not generate ATP.

plumgnu195

1.How does the First Law of Thermodynamics apply to REDOX reactions?

2.What is an acronym that will help you remember which element is an electron donor and which element is an electron acceptor in a REDOX Rx? (feel free to make up your own!)

3.What role does NADplay during aerobic respiration?

What is its reduced form?

Why is the reduction of NAD+ an important event (what is the ultimate goal)?

1. Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphorylation with oxidative phosphorylation.

When does each process of ATP production occur?

How much ATP is produced?

2. What are the 3 major stages of aerobic respiration?

What early process will occur w/ or w/o O2?

What happens during the above process?

What determines which pathway pyruvate will take?

Krebâs Cycle:

1. Summarize the 8 stages of the Krebs cycle including what carbon molecule is produced at each step, when CO₂is released, when NADH and FADH₂get produced, and when ATP is produced.

2. Why is it important to end up with the molecule that starts the process? What is that molecule?

3. How many turns of the cycle are there per glucose molecule?

4. What is the major goal of the Krebs Cycle? What must be generated during this cycle to allow the ETC to occur?

BIOL 2051 : Metabolism Study Guide (Exam 2)

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