CHE 211 Study Guide - Final Guide: Acyl Group, Acetyl-Coa, Coenzyme A
Organic Chemistry 2: Fatty Acid Metabolism
Fatty Acid Synthesis
All organisms have the ability to synthesize fatty acids
- Excess acetyl CoA from carbohydrate degradation is used to make fatty acids
- These fatty acids are stored as triglycerides
- Reactions occur in the cytoplasm
Acyl group carrier is acyl carrier protein (ACP)
Synthesis is by addition of 2-carbon units
Synthesis by a multi-enzyme complex known as fatty acid synthase
NADPH is the reducing agent
The above points are a summary of fatty acid synthesis that at first inspection seems to
be the reverse of B-oxidation
While there are similarities between the breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids, there
are major differences that are summarized below
Copariso of β-Oxidation and Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
Intracellular location
• Biosynthetic enzymes in cell cytoplasm
• Degradative enzymes in mitochondria
Acyl group carriers
▪ Biosynthetic carrier is acyl carrier protein
▪ Degradative carrier is coenzyme A
Enzymes involved
► Biosynthetic complex is fatty acid synthase
► Degradative enzymes not associated in a complex
Electron carrier
Biosynthetic process uses NADPH
Degradative process uses NADH and FADH2; as a general rule, NADH is produced
by catabolic reactions and NADPH (reducing agent of biosynthetic process); the
difference between NADH and NADPH is the presence of a phosphate attached
to the ribose ring of NADPH
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Document Summary
All organisms have the ability to synthesize fatty acids. Excess acetyl coa from carbohydrate degradation is used to make fatty acids. These fatty acids are stored as triglycerides. Acyl group carrier is acyl carrier protein (acp) Synthesis is by addition of 2-carbon units. Synthesis by a multi-enzyme complex known as fatty acid synthase. The above points are a summary of fatty acid synthesis that at first inspection seems to be the reverse of b-oxidation. While there are similarities between the breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids, there are major differences that are summarized below. Intracellular location: biosynthetic enzymes in cell cytoplasm, degradative enzymes in mitochondria. Acyl group carriers: biosynthetic carrier is acyl carrier protein, degradative carrier is coenzyme a. Degradative enzymes not associated in a complex.
