PSIO 532 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: General Visceral Efferent Fibers, Sympathetic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System

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13 May 2018

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Graduate Physiology PSL

Autonomic Nervous System

➔ Compare and contrast terms and concepts related to the ANS & Describe the sensory

input and roles for visceral efferent fibers of the ANS

Definitions

- The AN“ controls visceral function or involuntary actions

- Viscera: the internal organs, the guts (eg. Mesentery/Splanchic, heart,

kidneys, adrenal, skeletal muscle)

- Afferent Nerves: relay information TO the CNS about the status of the

body; signal goes AWAY from the organs

- Efferent Nerves: relay information FROM the CNS to innervate the

effector organs

- Homeostasis: the maintenance of constant internal environment

- Rheostasis (Rheostat): the level of controlled paraments can vary;

control the level of degree of something that affects the body; can go up

or down (helps manage homeostasis much better)

Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System (primarily efferent)

▪ Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

▪ Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

▪ Enteric Nervous System – involves GI system

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

▪ The activity of SNS changes based on the physiological

circumstances

▪ Also, as we get older, different for males and females

▪ Pregnant = increase in plasma volume

▪ SNS is also related to lot of diseases

➔ Define the anatomical and functional relationships of the autonomic ganglia

 The anatomy between the efferents (leaving CNS) in SNS and PNS is different

 SNS: the sympathetic nervous system originates in the thoracic lumbar regions;

the preganglionic neurons can be found in the thoracolumbar region

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Document Summary

Compare and contrast terms and concepts related to the ans & describe the sensory input and roles for visceral efferent fibers of the ans. The an controls (cid:862)visceral function(cid:863) or (cid:862)involuntary actions(cid:863) Viscera: the internal organs, the guts (eg. mesentery/splanchic, heart, kidneys, adrenal, skeletal muscle) Afferent nerves: relay information to the cns about the status of the body; signal goes away from the organs. Efferent nerves: relay information from the cns to innervate the effector organs. Homeostasis: the maintenance of constant internal environment. Rheostasis (rheostat): the level of controlled paraments can vary; control the level of degree of something that affects the body; can go up or down (helps manage homeostasis much better) Divisions of autonomic nervous system (primarily efferent: sympathetic nervous system (sns, parasympathetic nervous system (pns, enteric nervous system involves gi system. The activity of sns changes based on the physiological. Also, as we get older, different for males and females.

Related Questions

1. The autonomicnervous system consists of a _________ neuron chain that branchesinto the periphery. <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

2. There are twodivisions of the ANS, the parasympathetic and the sympathetic. Theparasympathetic division __________ body energy requirements and ismost active during________________. The sympathetic divisiongenerally enables the body to use stored energy and is activeduring ______________.

3. Compared to thesomatic nervous system, the first neuron in the ANS is ___________myelinated. The second order neuron is generally un____________.

4. The second orderneuron in the chain that innervates the adrenal glands is reallythe release of NE and Epi into the ____________________.

5. The __________nerve is the parasympathetic branch that innervates the heart aswell as a majority of other visceral organs.

6. The first orderneuron in the ANS chain almost always releases ________________into the synapse. The NTs released from the second order neurons ofthe sympathetic division are usually ________________ and___________________, while the second order neuron of the PNSusually releases _____________________.

7. Theparasympathetic division is sometimes called the _______________division because of the location from which the nerves arise.

8. The sympatheticdivision is sometimes called the _______________ division becauseof the location from which the nerves arise.

9. Which nervecarries about 90% of all parasympathetic traffic?

10. Most tissues/organs arecontinuously innervated by the ANS, that is, they have ____________tone.

11. The ANS regulatesunconscious processes that maintain _____________________, a termcoined by Walter Canon.

12. List and understand thethree different routes for preganglionic neurons in the sympatheticbranch.

13. Compare and contrast theneuronal divergence (pre- to postganglionic neurons) of the PNS andthe SNS. What does this mean? How does the adrenal gland and itmedullary secretions affect these contrasting effects?

14. The ganglions in the PNSare __________ to the effector organs than the ganglions in theSNS. Considering myelination, how does this affect speed oftransmission between the two systems?

15. List the receptor typesfor Ach and NE. Which are usually excitatory, inhibitory orboth?

16. The smooth muscle aroundthe blood vessels is innervated by the sympathetic branch of theANS. What occurs to dilate those vessels?

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PSIO 532 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: General Visceral Efferent Fibers, Sympathetic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System

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