FIN 322 Study Guide - Final Guide: Unsecured Debt, Accounts Payable, Promissory Note
Get access
Related Documents
Related Questions
NIKE:
Need the following ratios to be calculated using the financial sheets copied at the bottom. Each ratio needs to be calculated using the information from 2016. Each ratio also needs to be broken down and illustrated by the step by step process. Finally, please include any and all observations for each ratio and analysis.
1) Common Size analysis
2) Common size vertical analysis & graph
3) Current Ratio
4) Quick Ratio
5) Cash Ratio
6) Inventory Turnover
7) Receivables Turnover
8) Total Asset Turnover
9) Fixed Asset Turnover
10) Gross profit margin
11) Operating Profit margin
12) Net profit margin
13) Return on total assets
14) return on equity
15) basic earning power
16) Deb/net worth ratio
17) debt ratio
18) DuPont System
19) Times-interest-earned
Balance Sheet:
Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions | May 31, 2017 | May 31, 2016 |
Current assets: | ||
Cash and equivalents | $ 3,808 | $ 3,138 |
Short-term investments | 2,371 | 2,319 |
Accounts receivable, net | 3,677 | 3,241 |
Inventories | 5,055 | 4,838 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 1,150 | 1,489 |
Total current assets | 16,061 | 15,025 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 3,989 | 3,520 |
Identifiable intangible assets, net | 283 | 281 |
Goodwill | 139 | 131 |
Deferred income taxes and other assets | 2,787 | 2,422 |
TOTAL ASSETS | 23,259 | 21,379 |
Current liabilities: | ||
Current portion of long-term debt | 6 | 44 |
Notes payable | 325 | 1 |
Accounts payable | 2,048 | 2,191 |
Accrued liabilities | 3,011 | 3,037 |
Income taxes payable | 84 | 85 |
Total current liabilities | 5,474 | 5,358 |
Long-term debt | 3,471 | 1,993 |
Deferred income taxes and other liabilities | 1,907 | 1,770 |
Commitments and contingencies | ||
Redeemable preferred stock | 0 | 0 |
Shareholdersâ equity: | ||
Capital in excess of stated value | 8,638 | 7,786 |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (213) | 318 |
Retained earnings | 3,979 | 4,151 |
Total shareholdersâ equity | 12,407 | 12,258 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERSâ EQUITY | 23,259 | 21,379 |
Class A Convertible Common Stock | ||
Shareholdersâ equity: | ||
Common stock at stated value | 0 | 0 |
Class B Common Stock | ||
Shareholdersâ equity: | ||
Common stock at stated value | $ 3 | $ 3 |
Income Statement:
Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
May 31, 2017 | May 31, 2016 | May 31, 2015 | |
Income Statement [Abstract] | |||
Revenues | $ 34,350 | $ 32,376 | $ 30,601 |
Cost of sales | 19,038 | 17,405 | 16,534 |
Gross profit | 15,312 | 14,971 | 14,067 |
Demand creation expense | 3,341 | 3,278 | 3,213 |
Operating overhead expense | 7,222 | 7,191 | 6,679 |
Total selling and administrative expense | 10,563 | 10,469 | 9,892 |
Interest expense (income), net | 59 | 19 | 28 |
Other (income) expense, net | (196) | (140) | (58) |
Income before income taxes | 4,886 | 4,623 | 4,205 |
Income tax expense | 646 | 863 | 932 |
NET INCOME | $ 4,240 | $ 3,760 | $ 3,273 |
Earnings per common share: | |||
Basic (in dollars per share) | $ 2.56 | $ 2.21 | $ 1.90 |
Diluted (in dollars per share) | 2.51 | 2.16 | 1.85 |
Dividends declared per common share (in dollars per share) | $ 0.70 | $ 0.62 | $ 0.54 |
Cash Flow Sheet
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
May 31, 2017 | May 31, 2016 | May 31, 2015 | |
Cash provided by operations: | |||
Net income | $ 4,240 | $ 3,760 | $ 3,273 |
Income charges (credits) not affecting cash: | |||
Depreciation | 706 | 649 | 606 |
Deferred income taxes | (273) | (80) | (113) |
Stock-based compensation | 215 | 236 | 191 |
Amortization and other | 10 | 13 | 43 |
Net foreign currency adjustments | (117) | 98 | 424 |
Changes in certain working capital components and other assets and liabilities: | |||
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable | (426) | 60 | (216) |
(Increase) in inventories | (231) | (590) | (621) |
(Increase) in prepaid expenses and other current assets | (120) | (161) | (144) |
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable, accrued liabilities and income taxes payable | (364) | (889) | 1,237 |
Cash provided by operations | 3,640 | 3,096 | 4,680 |
Cash used by investing activities: | |||
Purchases of short-term investments | (5,928) | (5,367) | (4,936) |
Maturities of short-term investments | 3,623 | 2,924 | 3,655 |
Sales of short-term investments | 2,423 | 2,386 | 2,216 |
Investments in reverse repurchase agreements | 0 | 150 | (150) |
Additions to property, plant and equipment | (1,105) | (1,143) | (963) |
Disposals of property, plant and equipment | 13 | 10 | 3 |
Other investing activities | (34) | 6 | 0 |
Cash used by investing activities | (1,008) | (1,034) | (175) |
Cash used by financing activities: | |||
Net proceeds from long-term debt issuance | 1,482 | 981 | 0 |
Long-term debt payments, including current portion | (44) | (106) | (7) |
Increase (decrease) in notes payable | 327 | (67) | (63) |
Payments on capital lease and other financing obligations | (17) | (7) | (19) |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and other stock issuances | 489 | 507 | 514 |
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements | 177 | 281 | 218 |
Repurchase of common stock | (3,223) | (3,238) | (2,534) |
Dividends â common and preferred | (1,133) | (1,022) | (899) |
Cash used by financing activities | (1,942) | (2,671) | (2,790) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and equivalents | (20) | (105) | (83) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents | 670 | (714) | 1,632 |
Cash and equivalents, beginning of year | 3,138 | 3,852 | 2,220 |
CASH AND EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR | 3,808 | 3,138 | 3,852 |
Cash paid during the year for: | |||
Interest, net of capitalized interest | 98 | 70 | 53 |
Income taxes | 703 | 748 | 1,262 |
Non-cash additions to property, plant and equipment | 266 | 252 | 206 |
Dividends declared and not paid | $ 300 | $ 271 | $ 240 |
Making Long Term FM Decisions - Integrative Case
Introduction: As a special analytical group set up by ACME Iron by the firmâs Controller, you have been tasked to respond to the following issues raised in a meeting with the CFO.
You must look over several prospective financial strategies to aid in the successful growth of ACME Iron: Capital investment analysis; CAPM â Capital Asset Pricing Model determination for the company; WACC â Weighted Average Cost of Capital computations; EVA â Economic Value Analysis; MVA â Market Value Added; Capital structure of the company; Dividend policy; Stock repurchase and option pricing strategy; Bankruptcy risk analysis; Decision Tree Creation; Real option analysis of projects
The CFO wants to test you out on a simple project in the first task before you get into preparing items for his board presentation in subsequent tasks and projects. He wants to see how well you perform tasks as well as how accurate and thoughtful you are in your work. Details are important to him as well as good organization/presentation and communication.
Financial Statements for use on Tasks
ACME Iron | Balance Sheet | ||
Assets | |||
Current assets: | 2014 | 2015 | change |
Cash | 500,000 | 600,000 | 100,000 |
Investments | 1,000,000 | 1,025,000 | 25,000 |
Inventories | 110,000,000 | 117,000,000 | 7,000,000 |
Accounts receivable | 11,750,000 | 12,500,000 | 750,000 |
Pre-paid expenses | 2,500,000 | 2,600,000 | 100,000 |
Other | 0 | 0 | - |
Total current assets | 125,750,000 | 133,725,000 | 7,975,000 |
Fixed assets: | 2014 | 2015 | change |
Property and equipment | 165,000,000 | 175,000,000 | 10,000,000 |
Leasehold improvements | 0 | 0 | - |
Equity and other investments | 55,000,000 | 65,000,000 | 10,000,000 |
Less accumulated depreciation | 15,000,000 | 15,500,000 | 500,000 |
Total fixed assets | 235,000,000 | 255,500,000 | 20,500,000 |
Other assets: | 2014 | 2015 | change |
Goodwill | 75,000,000 | 70,000,000 | (5,000,000) |
Total other assets | 75,000,000 | 70,000,000 | (5,000,000) |
Total assets | 435,750,000 | 459,225,000 | 23,475,000 |
Liabilities and owner's equity | |||
Current liabilities: | 2014 | 2015 | change |
Accounts payable | 40,500,000 | 42,400,000 | 1,900,000 |
Accrued wages | 85,000,000 | 90,500,000 | 5,500,000 |
Accrued compensation | 10,000,000 | 10,855,000 | 855,000 |
Income taxes payable | 4,024,000 | 4,697,000 | 673,000 |
current portion of LT debt | 5,500,000 | 10,350,000 | 4,850,000 |
Other | 0 | 0 | - |
Total current liabilities | 145,024,000 | 158,802,000 | 13,778,000 |
Long-term liabilities: | 2014 | 2015 | change |
Long term debt | 125,000,000 | 130,000,000 | 5,000,000 |
Total long-term liabilities | 125,000,000 | 130,000,000 | 5,000,000 |
Owner's equity: | 2014 | 2015 | change |
Common stock | 122,000,000 | 122,000,000 | - |
Preferred stock | 16,725,000 | 16,725,000 | - |
Accumulated retained earnings | 27,001,000 | 31,698,000 | 4,697,000 |
Total owner's equity | 165,726,000 | 170,423,000 | 4,697,000 |
Total liabilities and owner's equity | 435,750,000 | 459,225,000 | 23,475,000 |
Income Statement
ACME Iron
December 2015
Financial Statements in '000s of U.S. Dollars
REVENUE | ||
Gross Sales | 250,000 | |
Less: Sales Returns & Allowances | 2,500 | |
Net Sales | 247,500 | |
COST OF GOODS SOLD | ||
Beginning Inventory | 7,500 | |
Add: Purchases | 4,500 | |
Freight-in | 0 | |
Direct Labor | 75,000 | |
Indirect Expenses | 15,000 | |
Inventory Available | 102,000 | |
Less: Ending Inventory | ||
Cost of Goods Sold | 102,000 | |
Gross Profit (Loss) | 145,500 | |
EXPENSES | ||
Advertising | 7,500 | |
Amortization | 0 | |
Bad Debts | 5,000 | |
Depreciation | 500 | |
Dues and Subscriptions | 0 | |
Employee Benefit Programs | 18,750 | |
Insurance | 2,500 | |
Interest | 10,350 | |
Legal & Professional Fees | 100 | |
Licenses & Fees | 0 | |
Miscellaneous | 10 | |
Office Expenses | 100 | |
Payroll Taxes | 5,625 | |
Postage | 3 | |
Rent | 0 | |
Repairs & Maintenance | 5,000 | |
Supplies | 2,000 | |
Telephone | 120 | |
Travel | 1,750 | |
Utilities | 50,000 | |
Vehicle Expenses | 450 | |
Wages | 25,000 | |
Total Expenses | 134,758 | |
Net Operating Income | 10,742 | |
OTHER INCOME | ||
Gain (Loss) on Sale of Assets | 0 | |
Interest Income | 1,000 | |
Total Other Income | 1,000 | |
TAXES | 4,697 | |
Net Income (Loss) | 7,045 |
TASK 2
In this task we are examining the current capital structure of ACME Iron and determining the WACC of the company. Assume that ACMEâs tax rate is 40%.
To compute the WACC you must first find the after-tax cost of debt, the cost of equity and the proportions of debt and equity in the firm. You can assume that the cost of debt before tax is 8% for the firm. Please clearly show how you derive each of these values:
After-tax cost of debt =
Cost of equity =
Proportions of debt and equity in the firm =
How do we compute the WACC in this circumstance? Why do we need to be concerned with the WACC?
Any insights into the capital structure of ACME Iron?
The weighted average cost of capital is the weighted average of the cost of equity and the after-tax cost of debt. Another way of looking at this is computing the effect of the capital structure on expected returns by investors.
WACC= S/B+S x Rs + B/B+S x RB x (1 â tc )
Where
S = value of equity
B = value of debt
Rs = cost of equity
After tax cost of debt: RB x (1 â tc )
Helpful Hint: One thing to bring up here is WACC is needed to determine risk on several levels. To determine risk we need to remember the following items:
1. Risk is deviation from expectations.
2. We need to set expectations for our investments in relation to risk and return. Higher risk = higher return.
3. Capital is obtained from the marketplace in two forms; equity and debt. This is the capital structure of a corporation and impacts the profits of a company depending on how this is managed.
4. We use our cost of capital to discount any cash flows from new investments (NPV and IRR analysis).
5. If cost of capital rises then our risk rises and the projects we undertake to increase sales and return to our investors is reduced.
6. If debt rises then our obligation to make payments on interest increases and profits can decrease if sales do not increase rapidly enough.
7. If risk increases our beta will increase to show the increase in risk. This will increase our required rate of return to stockholders (CAPM) and thus increase our required rate of return we must use in discounting future cash flows.
TASK 3
Acme is planning construction of a new loading ramp for its single iron mill. The initial cost of the investment is $1 million. Efficiencies from the new ramp are expected to reduce costs by $100,000 for the life of the plant which is currently estimated at another 30 years.
When will this project break-even on a simple cash basis and a discounted cash basis.
What is the NPV of the project if Acme has an after tax cost of debt of 8% and a cost equity of 12% (they are currently funded equally by debt and equity)?
Helpful Hint: The first step in conducting an NPV analysis is to include all the relevant cash flows. This includes savings from taxes and any expenses directly related to the venture. We reject any project with a negative NPV.
Please analyze the future of IBM with a company that does not have solid financials, such as Tesla. Qualitative measures will be required. What are tthe likelihoods of success and how could that be determined (for Tesla) if current numbers do not provide promise. Tesla is breaking into an emerging market of hybrid vehicle technology, and though the technology has not fully evovled, will it? How do Telsa's finaincial compare to IBM as they compare to success or failre?
Thank you
TESLA INC (TSLA) CashFlowFlag INCOME STATEMENT | ||
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data. | 2015-12 | 2016-12 |
Revenue | 4046 | 7000 |
Cost of revenue | 3123 | 5401 |
Gross profit | 924 | 1599 |
Operating expenses | ||
Research and development | 718 | 834 |
Sales, General and administrative | 922 | 1432 |
Total operating expenses | 1640 | 2267 |
Operating income | -717 | -667 |
Interest Expense | 119 | 199 |
Other income (expense) | -40 | 120 |
Income before taxes | -876 | -746 |
Provision for income taxes | 13 | 27 |
Net income from continuing operations | -889 | -773 |
Other | 98 | |
Net income | -889 | -675 |
Net income available to common shareholders | -889 | -675 |
Earnings per share | ||
Basic | -6.93 | -4.68 |
Diluted | -6.93 | -4.68 |
Weighted average shares outstanding | ||
Basic | 128 | 144 |
Diluted | 128 | 144 |
EBITDA | -334 | 400 |
TESLA INC (TSLA) Statement of CASH FLOW | ||
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data. | 2015-12 | 2016-12 |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities | ||
Net income | -889 | -773 |
Depreciation & amortization | 423 | 947 |
Amortization of debt discount/premium and issuance costs | 72 | 87 |
Stock based compensation | 198 | 334 |
Accounts receivable | 46 | -217 |
Inventory | -1574 | -2466 |
Prepaid expenses | -30 | 57 |
Accounts payable | ||
Accrued liabilities | ||
Other working capital | 1064 | 1932 |
Other non-cash items | 165 | -26 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | -524 | -124 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities | ||
Investments in property, plant, and equipment | -1635 | -1440 |
Acquisitions, net | -12 | 214 |
Purchases of investments | ||
Sales/Maturities of investments | 17 | |
Other investing activities | -26 | -206 |
Net cash used for investing activities | -1674 | -1416 |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities | ||
Debt issued | 319 | 2853 |
Debt repayment | -204 | -1904 |
Warrant issued | ||
Common stock issued | 750 | 1702 |
Other financing activities | 658 | 1094 |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 1524 | 3744 |
Effect of exchange rate changes | -34 | -7 |
Net change in cash | -709 | 2196 |
Cash at beginning of period | 1906 | 1197 |
Cash at end of period | 1197 | 3393 |
Free Cash Flow | ||
Operating cash flow | -524 | -124 |
Capital expenditure | -1635 | -1440 |
Free cash flow | -2159 | -1564 |
TESLA INC (TSLA) CashFlowFlag BALANCE SHEET | ||
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data. | 2015-12 | 2016-12 |
Assets | ||
Current assets | ||
Cash | ||
Cash and cash equivalents | 1197 | 3393 |
Total cash | 1197 | 3393 |
Receivables | 169 | 499 |
Inventories | 1278 | 2067 |
Prepaid expenses | 125 | 194 |
Other current assets | 23 | 106 |
Total current assets | 2792 | 6260 |
Non-current assets | ||
Property, plant and equipment | ||
Gross property, plant and equipment | 5766 | 12920 |
Accumulated Depreciation | -571 | -1018 |
Net property, plant and equipment | 5195 | 15037 |
Intangible assets | 376 | |
Other long-term assets | 106 | 991 |
Total non-current assets | 5301 | 16404 |
Total assets | 8092 | 22664 |
Liabilities and stockholders' equity | ||
Liabilities | ||
Current liabilities | ||
Short-term debt | 1150 | |
Capital leases | 633 | |
Accounts payable | 916 | 1860 |
Taxes payable | 101 | 153 |
Accrued liabilities | 322 | 1005 |
Deferred revenues | 707 | 1427 |
Other current liabilities | 137 | 232 |
Total current liabilities | 2816 | 5827 |
Non-current liabilities | ||
Long-term debt | 2082 | 118 |
Capital leases | ||
Deferred taxes liabilities | ||
Accrued liabilities | 150 | |
Deferred revenues | 446 | 852 |
Minority interest | 785 | |
Other long-term liabilities | 1659 | 10179 |
Total non-current liabilities | 4187 | 12084 |
Total liabilities | 7004 | 17911 |
Stockholders' equity | ||
Common stock | 0 | 0 |
Additional paid-in capital | 3415 | 7774 |
Retained earnings | -2322 | -2997 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | -4 | -24 |
Total stockholders' equity | 1089 | 4753 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | 8092 | 22664 |
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP (IBM) CashFlowFlag INCOME STATEMENT | ||
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data. | 2015-12 | 2016-12 |
Revenue | 81741 | 79919 |
Cost of revenue | 41057 | 41625 |
Gross profit | 40684 | 38294 |
Operating expenses | ||
Research and development | 4565 | 4120 |
Sales, General and administrative | 19894 | 20479 |
Other operating expenses | 535 | 590 |
Total operating expenses | 24994 | 25189 |
Operating income | 15690 | 13105 |
Interest Expense | 468 | 630 |
Other income (expense) | 723 | -145 |
Income before taxes | 15945 | 12330 |
Provision for income taxes | 2581 | 449 |
Net income from continuing operations | 13364 | 11881 |
Net income from discontinuing ops | -174 | -9 |
Net income | 13190 | 11872 |
Net income available to common shareholders | 13190 | 11872 |
Earnings per share | ||
Basic | 13.48 | 12.43 |
Diluted | 13.42 | 12.38 |
Weighted average shares outstanding | ||
Basic | 979 | 955 |
Diluted | 983 | 959 |
EBITDA | 20268 | 17341 |
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP (IBM) Statement of CASH FLOW | ||
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data. | 2015-12 | 2016-12 |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities | ||
Net income | 13190 | 11872 |
Depreciation & amortization | 3855 | 4381 |
Deferred income taxes | 1387 | -1132 |
Stock based compensation | 468 | 544 |
Inventory | 133 | -14 |
Accounts payable | 81 | 197 |
Accrued liabilities | ||
Other working capital | -2658 | 1048 |
Other non-cash items | 552 | 62 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 17008 | 16958 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities | ||
Investments in property, plant, and equipment | -3579 | -3567 |
Property, plant, and equipment reductions | 370 | 424 |
Acquisitions, net | -3750 | -6133 |
Purchases of investments | -3073 | -5917 |
Sales/Maturities of investments | 2842 | 5692 |
Purchases of intangibles | -572 | -583 |
Other investing activities | -397 | -892 |
Net cash used for investing activities | -8159 | -10976 |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities | ||
Debt issued | 5540 | 9132 |
Debt repayment | -5622 | -6395 |
Common stock issued | 322 | 204 |
Common stock repurchased | -4609 | -3502 |
Dividend paid | -4897 | -5256 |
Other financing activities | 100 | 26 |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | -9166 | -5791 |
Effect of exchange rate changes | ||
Net change in cash | -317 | 191 |
Cash at beginning of period | 8476 | 7686 |
Cash at end of period | 8159 | 7877 |
Free Cash Flow | ||
Operating cash flow | 17008 | 16958 |
Capital expenditure | -4151 | -4150 |
Free cash flow | 12857 | 12808 |
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP (IBM) CashFlowFlag BALANCE SHEET | ||
Fiscal year ends in December. USD in millions except per share data. | 2015-12 | 2016-12 |
Assets | ||
Current assets | ||
Cash | ||
Cash and cash equivalents | 7686 | 7826 |
Short-term investments | 508 | 701 |
Total cash | 8194 | 8527 |
Receivables | 1201 | 1057 |
Inventories | 1551 | 1553 |
Deferred income taxes | ||
Prepaid expenses | 4205 | 4564 |
Other current assets | 27353 | 28187 |
Total current assets | 42504 | 43888 |
Non-current assets | ||
Property, plant and equipment | ||
Gross property, plant and equipment | 29341 | 60267 |
Accumulated Depreciation | -18616 | -38606 |
Net property, plant and equipment | 10725 | 21661 |
Equity and other investments | 5187 | 4585 |
Goodwill | 32021 | 36199 |
Intangible assets | 3486 | 4689 |
Deferred income taxes | 4822 | 5224 |
Prepaid pension benefit | ||
Other long-term assets | 11747 | 12055 |
Total non-current assets | 67988 | 84413 |
Total assets | 110492 | 128301 |
Liabilities and stockholders' equity | ||
Liabilities | ||
Current liabilities | ||
Short-term debt | 6461 | 7513 |
Accounts payable | 6028 | 6209 |
Taxes payable | 2847 | 3235 |
Accrued liabilities | 7913 | 8282 |
Deferred revenues | 11021 | 11035 |
Other current liabilities | -1 | 1 |
Total current liabilities | 34269 | 36275 |
Non-current liabilities | ||
Long-term debt | 33428 | 34655 |
Deferred taxes liabilities | ||
Accrued liabilities | ||
Deferred revenues | 3771 | 3600 |
Pensions and other benefits | 16504 | 17070 |
Minority interest | 162 | 146 |
Other long-term liabilities | 8099 | 7478 |
Total non-current liabilities | 61964 | 62949 |
Total liabilities | 96233 | 99224 |
Stockholders' equity | ||
Common stock | 53262 | 53935 |
Retained earnings | 146124 | 152759 |
Treasury stock | -155518 | -159050 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | -29606 | -29398 |
Total stockholders' equity | 14262 | 18246 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | 110495 | 117470 |