BIOLOGY 1114 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Species, Phylogenetic Tree, Handicap Principle

• School: Ohio State University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOLOGY 1114
• Professor: James Chiucchi

Document Summary

Know what an adaptation is and how adaptations happen through mutation and natural selection. Explain fitness; describe the components of reproductive fitness. Understand the difference between homologous features and analogous features and convergent and divergent evolution. Define synapomorphy, sympleisomorphy, clade, derived trait, homoplasious character. Explain how vicariance and isolation causes speciation and name the three types of isolating mechanisms. Illustrate how a vicariance event can be explained with a phylogenetic tree. Explain the morphological species concept, phylogenetic species concept, biological species concept. Understand how sympatric, allopatric, and perapatric speciation occurs. Give examples of prezygotic and postzygotic isolating mechanisms; define each of these types. Contrast intrasexual and intersexual selection; polygyny and polyandry; describe the theories behind male/female choosiness and extravagant male morphologies in sexual selection; give an e(cid:454)a(cid:373)ple of zaha(cid:448)i"s ha(cid:374)di(cid:272)ap h(cid:455)pothesis. Describe what determines which mate is choosier and what affects the degree of choosiness. Explain how gene flow and founder effect explains how phenotypes are often grouped into regions.