BIOL 1107 Midterm: Chapter 12 Study Guide

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11 Oct 2015

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In eukaryotic cells, the number of chromosomes can vary based on the organism. In prokaryotic cells, however, the dna has the formation of a single loop. Because of this, and the lack of a membrane, there are no segments of chromatin to condense into chromosomes the way it happens in eukaryotic cells. In bacterial cells, protein filaments attack to the copies and separated them to opposite sides of the cell. This is very similar to the microtubules in eukaryotes that also pull the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell. C. ) the coiling of dna in eukaryotes takes place during prophase and uncoils during telophase. In prokaryotes, it is very much the same. D. : chromatin is the name for dna and other materials during interphase. Here, the dna is not at all condensed and is virtually invisible under a microscope. The composition of chromatin is dna, rna, and proteins which will alter work together in order to condense for mitosis.

Related Questions

Part A:

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell reproduction is similar in that it requires some kind of signal to proceed, DNA replication, careful separation of the DNA into two equal portions, and division of the cytoplasm. How is cell reproduction different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Select one:

a. In a eukaryotic organism, the signals for cell division are usually not related to the environment but to the function of the entire organism.

b. Eukaryotic cells constantly divide whenever environmental conditions are adequate and the cells are large enough.

c. The linear chromosomes in prokaryotes are constantly being updated.

d. Prokaryotic cell division requires cytokinesis before mitosis because of their small size.

e. The sexual phase of most prokaryotes (bacteria) is essential to the rapid cell division required for infection.

Part B:

What does the name Cyclin Dependent Kinase stand for?

Select one:

a. A protein important to the cell cycle that is dependent on DNA synthesis.

b. An enzyme that cuts DNA so that chromosomes can segregate.

c. An enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins using ATP only when the protein Cyclin is bound to the enzyme.

d. An enzyme that rolls along microtubules dragging a vesicle.

e. An enzyme that connects chromosomes to the spindle fiber.

Part C:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Mitosis can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase

b. Anaphase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Prophase/Telophase

c. Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase

d. Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase

e. Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase

Part D:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Interphase can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. S/G1/G2

b. G2/G1/S

c. G1/S/G2

d. G2/S/G1

e. G1/G2/S

amethystyak657

3. There are about 250 million molecules of hemoglobin in each red blood cell. Considering that all of the heme molecules are binding oxygen and that the red blood cell volume is about 0.1 pL, what is the concentration of O₂ in a red blood cell? (For comparison, water at 37^oC contains about 0.4 mM dissolved O₂.) Please show work.

4. Cell Cycle (fill-in the blank with prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis or stages of interphase (Growth 1, Synthesis, Growth 2). (some may be used more than once while others may not be used at all.)

__________ separation of sister chromatids (copied chromosomes)

__________ copied chromosomes align in the middle of the cell

__________ microtubule spindle forms

__________ nuclear membrane forms around chromatin

__________ separation of all cellular components into two different cells

__________ copied chromosomes condense

__________ duplication of DNA

__________ nuclear membrane breaks down

What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Question options:

	chromatin is one of two identical strands of DNA.
	chromosomes are chromatin that has been tightly packed and coiled.
	chromosomes are composed of nucleosomes and chromatin is composed of sister chromatids.
	chromosomes are important in mitosis and chromatin is essential to meiosis.

Bacterial cells only reproduce asexually and cannot exchange genetic material.

Question options:

	True, because they undergo binary fission.
	False, because they transfer genetic material with other bacterial cells.
	True, because they have a cell wall that prevents sharing of genetic material.

After a visit to a specialist, Dan was diagnosed with liver cancer. Six months later additional tumors were found in his stomach and small intestine. This is an example of

Question options:

	malignant tumors.
	benign tumors.
	Both malignant tumors and metastasis are correct.

Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis?

Question options:

	DNA is replicated.
	Replicated chromosomes divide.
	Cells line up along the equator of the cell.

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

Question options:

	prophase -- mitotic spindle forms
	metaphase -- chromosomes line up along the equator
	telophase -- cytoplasm divides

Why is hair loss a common side effect of cancer treatments?

Question options:

Hair cells are at the surface of the body so die easily.

Hair cells divide rapidly and so are targeted by the cancer drugs.

Cancer drugs often target and kill random cells within the body.

From "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer," how are endostatins used to treat cancerous cells?

Question options:

	They prevent angiogenesis by cancerous cells.
	They promote growth of new blood vessels to feed cells.
	They bind to receptors on cancerous cells and prevent cells from reproducing.

BIOL 1107 Midterm: Chapter 12 Study Guide

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