BIOL10003 Chapter Notes - Chapter ILT 1: Nucleolus, Mitochondrion, Chloroplast
Tuesday, 14 March 2017
BIOLOGY ILT 1
CELL BIOLOGY
-Cell membrane: boundary between the cytoplasm and the external
environment
-Cytoplasm: aqueous filling inside the cell membrane
-Chloroplast: chlorophyll-containing organelle in which photosynthesis occurs,
bounded two membranes and contains numerous membranous sacs
(thylakoids).
-Golgi apparatus: Flattened membrane sacs in which sugars are attached to
proteins, part of the endomembrane system.
-Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration bounded by two membranes, proton
gradient established on either side of inner membrane in order to
synthesise ATP.
-Vacuole: Fluid-filled cavity in the cytoplasm with single bounding
membrane, aids osmotic control and acts as storage site. Typical of
plant cells.
-Nucleus:DNA containing organelle bounded by double membrane with
numerous pores allowing communication with the cytoplasm.
-Nucleolus: Sub-region of the nucleus containing the
ribosomal RNA genes!
!
!
CELL MEMBRANE !
lipid bilayers, where two layers of lipid molecules arrange
themselves back to back in such a way that the polar heads
face outwards to the water and the hydrophobic tails face
each other in the centre of the bilayer.
-Hydrophilic head: These are the hydrophilic (water-loving) heads of the lipid
molecules.(dark purple)
-Hydrophobic tail: These are the hydrophobic
(water-loathing) tails of the lipid molecules.
(maroon)!
!
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Cell membrane: boundary between the cytoplasm and the external environment. Cytoplasm: aqueous lling inside the cell membrane. Chloroplast: chlorophyll-containing organelle in which photosynthesis occurs, bounded two membranes and contains numerous membranous sacs (thylakoids). Golgi apparatus: flattened membrane sacs in which sugars are attached to proteins, part of the endomembrane system. Mitochondria: site of aerobic respiration bounded by two membranes, proton gradient established on either side of inner membrane in order to synthesise atp. Vacuole: fluid- lled cavity in the cytoplasm with single bounding membrane, aids osmotic control and acts as storage site. Nucleus:dna containing organelle bounded by double membrane with numerous pores allowing communication with the cytoplasm. Nucleolus: sub-region of the nucleus containing the ribosomal rna genes. Hydrophilic head: these are the hydrophilic (water-loving) heads of the lipid molecules. (dark purple) Hydrophobic tail: these are the hydrophobic (water-loathing) tails of the lipid molecules. (maroon) Movement of molecules from his concentration to regions of low concentration(outside and inside the cell)
