BIOL 150B Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Molecular-Weight Size Marker, Prestressed Concrete, Dna Replication

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raspberryalpaca443

12 Oct 2016

School

University of Victoria

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 150B

Professor

Rossi Marx

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Document Summary

Chapter 11: dna the molecule of hereditary. Dna consists of long chains made of subunits called: nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar called deoxyribose, one of four nitrogen containing bases. Single strand of dna is a polymer consisting of many nucleotide subunits. The phosphate group of one nucleotide is bonded to the sugar of the next nucleotide in the strand, thus producing a sugar phosphate backbone of alternately, covalently bonded sugars and phosphates. All the nucleotides in a single dna strand are oriented in the same direction. Therefore, the two ends of a dna strand differ; one end has an unbonded sugar and the other end has an unbonded phosphate. The two dna strands resemble a twisted ladder. The sugar phosphate (cid:271)a(cid:272)k(cid:271)o(cid:374)es for(cid:373) the (cid:862)uprights(cid:863) of the dna ladder. The (cid:862)ru(cid:374)gs(cid:863) are (cid:272)o(cid:373)poses of spe(cid:272)ifi(cid:272) pairs of bases, with one member of each pair protruding from the sugar phosphate backbone of each strand.

Related Questions

Please help to check if the following DNA repair description is correct. if not, please help to correct. thanks!!

1. Base Excision Repair

DNA plycosylase comes in and removes deaminated C Uracil. AP endonuclease recognizes the missing tooth created by DNA glysosylase and it removes the sugar while phosphodiesterase removes phosphate group leaving DNA helix with single nucleotide gap. DNA polymerase add new nucleotide and DNA ligase seals the nick

2. Nucleotide Excision Repair

NER uses to remove large mutation. Excision nuclease comes in and cut the pyrimidine primers in a big chunk. DNA helicase removes the big chunk. DNA polymeraze synthesize nucleotides and DNA ligase seals the nick.

3. Nonhomologous end joining

The overhangs ends is recognized by Ku heterodimers and they attach to the broken chromosomes end. Additional proteins attach and join covalently. Overhangs are then digested and ligase seals the nicks

4. The repair involves sister chromatids. One of the sister chromatids has double strand breaks. Exonuclease activity degrades the 5â end. The strand invasion begins by crossing over. The single strand interacts with healthy strand on sister chromatid DNA molecule. DNA polymerase synthesize missing nucleotides and ligase seals the nicks

silverreindeer987

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

skyhamster121

QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:

A. contain DNA organized by histones.

B. contain usually one, circular chromosome.

C. contain plasmid DNA.

D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus.

QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:

A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine.

B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine.

C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine.

D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil.

QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:

A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule.

B. has a 3' to 5' directionality.

C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose.

D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A.

QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine.

B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not.

C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate.

D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases.

BIOL 150B Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Molecular-Weight Size Marker, Prestressed Concrete, Dna Replication

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