PSYC 100B Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Basal Metabolic Rate, Human Sexual Activity, Human Sexual Response Cycle
5 May 2016
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Motivation: a need or desire that energizes and directs behaviour. Motivation arises from the interplay between nature and nurture. Four perspectives of motivation: 1) instinct theory - now replaced by the evolutionary perspective. 2) drive- reduction theory - focuses on how we respond to our inner pushes. 3) arousal theory - focuses on finding the right level of stimulation. 4) abraham maslow"s hierarchy of needs - focuses on the priority of some needs over others. After charles darwin, people began naming instincts rather than explaining them, saying that they were simply due to evolution. Instinct: a complex behaviour that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned. Instinct theory failed to explain most human motives. When the original instinct theory collapsed, it was replaced by drive reduction. Theory (the idea that a physiological need (such as food) creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
