ANTH 1001 Chapter : Chapter 6
Document Summary
Systematics: the discipline within biology that is concerned with inferring the evolutionary relationships among organisms-phylogeny reconstruction. Phonetics: classifies species based on overall similarity, earliest approached but now not common> linnaeus (kingdom phylum class order family genus species) genus and species=bio nomenclature > similarity & basic plan ex: mammals. Cladistics: classifies species based only on phylogeny and est. in 60s and is dominant. Clade-an ancestral species and all of its descendants-species in a clade share certain traits. Traits evolve in a lineage and persists in descendants and all taxa in a clade exhibit trait. Today, we use the hierarchical ranks created by linnaeus but only give names to clades, clades are lineages so another name for a clade is a monophyletic group-job to infer membership on a monophyletic group. Paraphyletic grouping: an ancestral species and some of its descendants. Polyphyletic grouping: a group of species but not including the ancestor. Similar features: symplesiomorphy not useful for phylogeny reconstruction.
