BIOL 1002 Chapter : Biol 1002 Chapter 44
Document Summary
Many plant species can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Fragmentation can be an artificial process (cuttings) or a natural process. The parent plant sends out horizontal stems (runners) that can lead to completely new plants. Asexual reproduction is natural cloning where all the offspring are genetically identical to the parent plant. Sexual offspring combine the genes from two parents and are genetically different from their parents. In mosses and ferns the gametophyte is small and independent. Water is essential for sexual reproduction sporophyte: diploid plant which produces haploid spores gametophyte: haploid plant which produces gametes. Megaspores - gives rise to the female gametophyte. Microspores - gives rise to the male gametophyte male gametophyte is a pollen grain (sperm) female gametophyte is an embryo sac containing an egg cell. In seed plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms, the gametophyte is very small and relies on the sporophyte (it"s part of the sporophyte) Water no longer needed for transporting the gametes.
