BIOL 1002 Chapter : Chapter 22

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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The kingdom fungi consists of organisms that are eukaryotic and mainly multicellular. They are all heterotrophic decomposers that obtain their food by absorption. Only kingdom that has everybody decomposing and absorbing. Closest kingdom to the fungi is the animal kingdom. Most members of the kingdom fungi have several structural elements in common: (5 characteristics three of which are exclusive to the fungi kingdom, one of which is in the way it is used) First four have a clear inner relationship to them. Mycelium made a hyphae, hyphae made a cell wall call a chitin and hyphae can have septa on the inside in some cases, Like the roots of a tree rather large network that is unseen, uses absorbtion. Different from a plant root in that a plant root doesn"t secrete enzymes and break down the molecules. This network may be very large but is usually underground or within the surface of a decaying organism.

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1.A mycologist visits your biology class and discusses herresearch on a particular fungus that lives on the bark of damagedspruce trees. She explains that the fungal hyphae of her researchorganism is heterokaryotic. You raise your hand and request thatshe define that word. Her correct response is

heterokaryotic means that thenuclei of the fungal hyphae are genetically the same.

heterokaryotic means that eachcompartment of the hyphae contain two distinct nuclei.

heterokaryotic means that thenuclei of each compartment of the hyphae are geneticallydistinct.

heterokaryotic means that each compartment of the hyphaecontains only one nucleus.

2. Select the true statements concerning reproduction ofbasidiomycetes. (Check all that apply.)

The adult forms of a typicalbasidiomycete consists of a mass of dikaryotic primarymycelia.

The secondary mycelia fuse to formprimary mycelia. The primary mycelia form the fruiting body.

The gills of an Amanitamushroom contains basidiospores.

Karyogamy produces a diploid zygotethat undergoes meiosis.

Meiosis produces basidiospores, and the fusion of spores fromdifferent mating strains produces the primary mycelium.

3. In the life cycle of a zygomycete, after the zygospore isformed, the next event will be

karyogamy.

4. Why does champagne have bubbles?

CO₂ is used to makeglucose during respiration.

Yeast fermentation continues afterthe champagne is bottled.

Dead yeast cells releaseCO₂ into the bottles.

Yeast produce O₂ during aerobic respiration.

5. Many antibacterial antibiotics interfere with proteinsynthesis. Why would these not be a good target for antifungaldrugs?

Fungi can rapidly metabolizedrugs.

Fungi produce few proteins.

Chitin cell walls prevent uptake ofdrugs.

Human and fungal ribosomes areextremely similar to each other.

Fungi absorb proteins during decomposition of organicmatter.

6. Which molecule would be an indicator of fungal contaminationin a drug preparation?

Deoxyribose

7. Why can lichens live on bare rock?

UV radiation powers enzymes thatallow the fungus to extract organic material from itssurroundings.

The fungi are autotrophic.

The photosynthetic endosymbiontprovides the fungus with nutrition.

They absorb heat from the sun.

They secrete acids to liberate minerals from the bare rock.

8. What type of symbiotic relationship is exemplified bymycorrhizal fungi?

Parasitism

Commensalism

Atavism

Mutualism

9. In what way are bacteria and fungi similar?

Cell wall components

Ribosome structure

Design of the nucleus

Ecological function

10. he fungal group that is most closely related to ancestralfungi are the

Zygomycota.

Basidomycota.

Ascomycota.

Chytridomycota.

11.Select the INCORRECT statement(s) concerning reproduction ofthe mold Rhizopus.

Fungal hyphae are multinucleate andhaploid.

Meiosis comes immediately beforefertilization.

The germinating zygosporangiumcontains diploid nuclei.

Rhizopus exclusivelyreproduces asexually.

Zygospores are only produced after meiosis.

12. Primary mycelia contain twice as much DNA as secondarymycelia.

True

False

13.After severe floods homeowners often return home to find thewall of their homes covered in mold. How does mold survive on wetwallboard?

It eats the gypsum that makes upthe wallboard.

Spores from within the wallboardgerminate and start growing.

It uses the wallboard as asubstrate but extracts nutrients from the air.

It digests the cellulose in the paper backing.

14. Why is the term "fungal cell mitosis" not technicallyaccurate?

The septa between nuclei form priorto mitosis.

All of the mycelium undergoesmitosis at the same time.

All stages of mitosis occur withinthe nucleus.

The mitotic spindle spans across the perforations of thesepta.

15. Select the true statements regarding the lifecycles ofbasidiomycetes and ascomycetes. (Check all that apply.)

Basidiocarps and ascocarps arefunctionally equivalent.

Dikaryotic mycelia are the same asdiploid mycelia.

Ascogenic hyphae are functionallyequivalent to secondary mycelia.

Both basidiospores and ascospores are stored externally.

16. A division of fungi that lacks septa in their hyphae exceptwhen they form sporangia or gametangia is the

	ascomycetes.
	zygomycetes.
	chytridomycetes
	basidiomycetes. PLEASE HELP

ceruleanzebra964

1. You observe that small crustaceans swimming through a sample of ocean water set off light production, but your first guess is that this is due to some bacterium, since bacteria are so metabolically diverse. True or false

2. How did multicellular organisms evolve from unicellular organisms?

Single-celled organisms joined together, or failed to separate after cell division.

Single-celled organisms joined together only.

Single-celled organisms failed to separate after cell division only.

Single-celled organisms joined together, or absorbed other species by endosymbiosis.

One species absorbed another species by endosymbiosis only.

3.Cooperation between or among cells could have been a key step in the evolution of multicellularity.

True

False

4. Autotrophs must acquire carbon from organic molecules produced from other organisms.

True

False

5. The protists, though now known to have multiple origins, were first group due to their being aquatic, and, most of them, quite small.

True

False

6. You are analyzing samples under a microscope, and one sample coming from what you suspect is a fungus. You find tiny filaments, which, in your report, you call

hyphae.

spores.

fruiting bodies.

7. Fungi are classified into phyla based on which characteristic?

organelles

composition of cell wall

photosynthesis

reproductive structures

multicellular vs. unicellular

gills.

chitin.

You are studying two populations of dung beetles, one of which rolls their dung balls at noon, resting at night, and the other of which reverses this. These could speciate due to

behavioral isolation.

gametic isolation.

mechanical isolation.

temporal isolation.

sexual selection.

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BIOL 1002 Chapter : Chapter 22

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