BIOL 1202 Chapter : Phylogeny Ch 26 27 28 29 31

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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Phylogeny=the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species. Systematics=an analytical approach to understanding the diversity and relationships of organisms. Taxonomy=the ordered division of organism into categories based on a set of characteristics used to assess similarities and differences. The two part format of the scientific name of an organism. Linnaeus also introduced the system for grouping species in increasingly broad categories. Systematists depict evolutionary relationships in branching phylogenetic trees. Each branch point (node) represents the divergence of two species. Deeper branch points represent greater amounts of divergence. 26. 2 phylogenies are inferred from morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic history can be inferred from similarities in homologous structures and genes when compared among organisms. Similar morphology and similar dna sequences=closely related species. But, beware of analogous structures or molecular sequences (aka homoplasies) 26. 3 shared characters are used to construct phylogenetic trees. Cladogram=a diagram depicting patterns of shared characteristics among species.

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