CLST 2090 Chapter : HUEC 4044 Chapter 1 STUDENT VERSION
Document Summary
Receive messengers from both local and distant sources: the messenger is a chemical signal. Respond to the signal through a change in the metabolic processes of the cell: e. g. ,synthesis of protein. Extracellular signal is amplified within the cell via a signaling cascade. Figure 11. 5 local and long-distance cell communication in animals. Paracrine: diffusion of first messengers over short distance between cells. Synaptic: chemical signals from a nerve axon diffuse across a synapse to another nerve cell or a muscle cell. Hormonal signaling: endocrine (ductless) glands produce chemicals (hormones, hormones move through the circulatory system to their targets. Figure 11. 4 communication by direct contact between cells. Extracellular first message is transduced (transformed) into an intracellular chemical messenger: second messenger. Figure 11. 6-1 overview of cell signaling (layer 1) May involve a receptor in the plasma membrane: an integral membrane protein. May involve an intracellular receptor: e. g. , steroid hormone receptors.
