ECON 2000 Chapter : Chapter 6 Outline
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1) Suppose your grandmother gave you $25 for your birthday and you decided to spend all of it on candy bars and bags of popcorn. The price of candy bars is $1.25 and price of a bag of peanuts is $3.75.
a) Construct a table showing the alternative combinations of the two products that are available.
b) Plot the data in your table as a budget line in a graph. What is the slope of the budget line? What is the opportunity cost of one more candy bar? Of one bag of peanuts?
c) How, in general, would you decide which of the available combinations of candy bars and bags of peanuts to buy?
2) With current technology, suppose a firm is producing 750 screwdrivers daily. Also assume that the least-cost combination of resources in producing those screwdrivers is 15 units of labor, 20 units of land, 4 units of capital, and 3 unit of entrepreneurial ability, selling at prices of $50, $45, $75, and $50, respectively. If the firm can sell these 750 screwdrivers at $2.50 per unit,
a) what is its total revenue?
b) what is its total cost?
c) what is its profit or loss?
d) will it continue to produce screwdrivers?
e) If this firmâs situation is typical for the other makers of screwdrivers, will resources flow toward or away from this product?
3) How will each of the following changes in demand and/or supply affect equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity in a competitive market; that is, do equilibirium price and quantity rise, fall , or are the answers indeterminate because they depend on the magnitudes of the shifts?
a)Supply decreases and demand is constant. Change in eqilibrium price chnage in eqilibrium quantity
b)Demand decreases and supply is constant.
c)Supply increases and demand is constant.
d)Demand increases and supply increases.
e)Demand decreases and supply decreases.
4)Zeke likes to go to music concerts. The number of times per year that he attends concerts depends on both the price of the concerts as well as Zekeâs income and the cost of other types of entertainmentâin particular, how much it costs to go see a movie instead of attending concerts. The three demand schedules in the $60,000 per year and movies cost $10 each. In scenario D2, Zeke's income is also $60,000 per year, but the price of seeing a movie rises to $12. And in scenario D3, Zeke's income goes up to $80,000 per year, while movies cost $12.
a)Using the data under D1 and D2, calculate the cross-elasticity of Zeke's demand for concerts at all three prices. (To do this, apply the midpoints approach to the cross-elasticity of demand.) Is the cross-elasticity the same at all three prices? Are movies and concerts substitute goods, complementary goods, or independent goods?
b)Using the data under D2 and D3, calculate the income elasticity of Zeke's demand for concerts at all three prices. (To do this, apply the midpoints approach to the income elasticity of demand.) Is the income elasticity the same at all three prices? Are concerts an inferior good?
PRICE | D1 | D2 | D3 |
50 | 10 | 5 | 12 |
40 | 15 | 10 | 25 |
30 | 25 | 15 | 40 |
Income 60,000 60,000 80,000
Cost of revenue 10 12 12
5) On the basis of the three individual demand schedules below, and assuming these three people are the only ones in the society, determine (a) the market (a) the market demand schedule on the assumption that the good is a private good and (b) the collective demand schedule on the assumption that the good is a public good.
P | Qd(D1) | Qd(D2) | Qd(d3) |
20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
19 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
17 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
16 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
15 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
14 | 2 | 5 | 6 |
13 | 3 | 6 | 7 |
12 | 4 | 7 | 8 |
11 | 5 | 8 | 9 |
10 | 6 | 9 | 10 |
Quantity of pita wraps | Total utility | Quantity of Bubble teas | Total Utility |
1 | 60 | 1 | 40 |
2 | 102 | 2 | 70 |
3 | 132 | 3 | 91 |
4 | 144 | 4 | 106 |
5 | 144 | 5 | 112 |
6 | 138 | 6 | 115 |
7 | 128 | 7 | 115 |
Keegan has $30 to spend on Pita Wraps and Bubble Tea. The price of a Pita Wrap is $6 and the price of a glass of Bubble Tea is $3. The table above shows his total utility from different quantities of the two items.
a) What is Keegan's optimal consumption bundle?
b) What is Keegan's marginal utility per dollar spent on the third pita wrap?
c) If Keegan can drink all the bubble tea he wants for free, how many glasses will he consume?
2. Suppose Joe is maximizing total utility within his budget constraint. If the price of the last pair of jeans purchased is $25 and it yields 100 units of extra satisfaction and the price of the last shirt purchased is $20, then, using the rule of equal marginal utility per dollar spent, how much extra satisfaction must Joe receive from the last shirt?
3. Popular rock band U2 regularly sells out its concerts, charging $80 for its tickets. They could raise ticket prices to $120 and still sell out their concerts, but choose not to do so. What is the best economic explanation for this decision?
Assume that an individual consumes two goods, X and Y. The total utility (assumed measurable) of each good is independent of the consumption rate of other goods.
The price of X and Y are respectively $40 and $60. Use the following table of total utilities to answer the following questions.
Good | Total utility X | Total utility Y |
1 | 20 | 45 |
2 | 38 | 78 |
3 | 54 | 108 |
4 | 68 | 135 |
5 | 80 | 159 |
6 | 90 | 180 |
a. The marginal utility of the fourth unit of Y is__________.
b. The marginal utility of the fifth unit of X is___________.
c. The marginal utility per dollar spent on the third unit of X is__________.
d. The marginal utility per dollar spent on the second unit of Y is__________.
e. If the consumer has $420 to spend, ______ unit of X and _______units of Y maximize utility subject to the budget constraint. Explain.
f. If the consumer has $220 to spend, _______ units of X and_______ units of Y maximize utility subject to the budget constraint. Explain.
g. If the consumer wanted 4 units of X and 6 units of Y, what would have to be his/her budget constraint in order to maximize his/her utility? Explain.